first lecture Flashcards

1
Q

drug discovery is a

A

long process

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2
Q

2 step process of drug discovery

A

molecule identification –> patient

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3
Q

ways lead compound is found

A

novel molecule that possesses traits/interesting biological activity that could be biologically useful

novel molecule is designed in order to modify a target molecules (enzyme/receptor) activity

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4
Q

what is a lead compound

A

compound that has biological activity that is likely to be therapeutically useful

may need to be modified first

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5
Q

how do lead compounds turn into medicine

A
  • identified
  • developed through a long and expensive process
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6
Q

1796 jenner

A

inoculated boy with cowpocks

lead to immunity against smallpocks

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7
Q

1700 withering

A

extracted digitalis from foxglove for cardiac problems

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8
Q

1864 pasteur

A

identified that microorganisms caused disease.

made vaccines using attenuated rabies

for rabies vaccines

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9
Q

attenuated meaning

A

reduced in force
aka weaker

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10
Q

1900s quinine

A

derived from cinchona tree bark

used to treat malaria

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11
Q

1900s aspirin

A

extracted from willow tree bark

treats fever

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12
Q

7 diff ways drugs come from

A
  • nature
  • animal
  • microbial
  • endogeous lead compound
  • minerals
  • synthesis
  • serendipity
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13
Q

drugs from nature eg

A

morphine (analgesic)
neem
rose
tobacco
lovastatin (hypolipidemic)

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14
Q

drugs from animal sources eg

A

insulin - cows pancreas
pepsin - cow stomach

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15
Q

drugs from microbial sources

A

penicillin (antibiotic)

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16
Q

drugs from endogenous lead compounds eg

A

occur naturally in the body

histamine
adrenaline
salbutanol
ranitidine

17
Q

drugs from minerals eg

A

FeSO4 - anemia
MgSO4 - purgative
NaHCO3 - antacid

18
Q

drugs from syntheis eg

A

azo dyes + their antibac properties

phenazopyridine + urinary antiseptic

19
Q

drugs from serendipity eg

A

sildenafil - <3 and <3!

20
Q

Synthetic drugs can form from

A

scanning chemical libraries

these allow us to find lead compounds

made by chem synthesis to immitate a natural product

21
Q

2 diff drug types

A

small molecules
biologics

based on the size//weight of the active principle

22
Q

small molecules

A

MW < 900Da

23
Q

biologics

A

MW > 900

grown + purified from large scale cell cultures of bacteria, yeast, plant or animal cells

24
Q

small molecule examples

A

fatty acids
glucose
amino acids
cholesterol
secondary metabolites (lipids)

either synthesised in nature or extracted from plants

25
Q

biologics examples

A

vaccines, growth factors, immune modulators, monoclonal antibodies, products derived from human blood/plasma

26
Q

whats different about biological therapeutics

A

they are regulated, tested and controlled differently than other medicines

(practive of treating disease from living organisms)

27
Q
A
27
Q
A