First Civil War Flashcards
What was the Solemn League and Covenant?
Military alliance between Parliament and Covenanters
Who led the Scottish Royalist forces?
The Earl of Montrose
When did the civil war in Scotland effectively end?
Defeat of Montrose at Philiphaugh in September 1645.
Who were the Catholic Confederation?
The Gaelic Irish and Old English
What impact did Irish troops have in England?
Made Charles seem Catholic and weren’t too helpful militarily.
Who was Prince Rupert?
German prince who led some Royalist forces.
What characterised the war in 1643?
Skirmishes, poor preparation on both sides, some Royalist victories
What happened at Marston Moor?
July 1644: largest battle of civil war. Parliamentary victory, but did not capitalise on it.
What happened at Naseby?
Battle with New Model Army, June 1645. Decisive victory for NMA.
What administrative problems did the Royalists have?
Indecision, division between Generals, Council of War had limited power.
What financial methods did Parliament use to win the war?
Assessments (land tax) and the Committee of Both Kingdoms funded their war effort.
What key assets did Parliament hold?
London, the navy
How did the First Civil War end?
Capture of Oxford in 1646.
Why was Charles still in a relatively strong position in 1646?
He knew his importance to the political system.
