First Aide Flashcards
Fundamental elements of first aide can be categorized into how many main areas?
Eight.
What are the three objectives to first aide?
Prevent further injury
Infection
And loss of life
What are the 4 methods of controlling bleeding?
Direct pressure
Elevation
Pressure points
Tourniquet (as a last resort)
What is a pressure point?
A point on the body where a main artery lies near the skin surface and over a bone.
How many principle pressure points are on each side of the body?
Eleven on each side.
Facial artery?
Jaw
Brachial artery?
Inner upper arm
Inner elbow
Common carotid?
Neck
Subclavian artery?
Collar bone
Radial/ulnar artery?
Wrist
Femoral artery?
Upper thigh
Facial artery?
Jaw
Superficial temporal artery?
Temple
Iliac artery?
Groin
Anterior/posterior tibial artery?
Ankle
Popliteal artery?
Knee
How many classifications of burns?
Three
First degree burns?
Produce redness, warmth, and mild pain.
Second degree burns?
Cause red, blistered skin, and severe pain
Third degree burns?
Destroys tissue, skin and bone in severe cases, however severe pain may be absent due to nerve endings being destroyed.
How many types of fractures are there?
Two
What are the two types of fractures?
Open/ compound
Closed/ simple
What is an open/compound fracture?
A break in the skin with possible bone protrusion.
What is a closed/simple fracture?
A broken bone without a break in the skin.
Electric shock?
Occurs when a person comes into contact with an electric energy source and shock occurs.
Indications of an airway obstruction?
Inability to talk
Grasping and pointing to the throat
Exaggerated breathing efforts
And skin turning a bluish color
What are two types of heat related injuries?
Heat exhaustion
Heat stroke
Heat exhaustion?
A serious disturbance of blood flow to the brain, heart, and lungs.
Heat stroke?
A serious condition caused by the breakdown of the sweating mechanism of the body.
Symptoms of heat exhaustion?
Skin is cool, moist, and clammy and the pupils are dilated. Body temperature may be normal or high; the victim is usually sweating profusely.
Symptoms of heat stroke?
The victim is unable to eliminate excessive body heat buildup. Symptoms may include hot and/or dry skin, uneven pupil dilation, and a weak, rapid pulse.
Three types of cold weather injuries?
Hypothermia
Superficial frostbite
Deep frostbite
Hypothermia?
A general cooling of the whole body caused by exposure to low or rapidly falling temperature, cold moisture, snow or ice.
Symptoms of hypothermia?
The victim may appear pale and unconscious, and may even be taken for dead. Breathing is slow and shallow, pulse is faint or even undetectable. Body tissues semi-rigid, and the limbs are stiff.
Superficial frostbite?
When I’ve crystals are forming in the upper skin layers after exposure to a temperature of 32 degrees or lower.
Deep frostbite?
Developed when ice crystals are forming in the deeper tissues after exposure to a temperature of 32 degrees or lower.
What is shock?
A life-threatening medical condition whereby the body suffers from insufficient blood flow throughout the body as a result of severe injury or illness.
What are the types of shock?
Septic shock Anaphylactic shock Cardiogenic shock Hypovolemic shock Neurogenic shock
Results from a bacteria multiplying in the blood and releasing toxins. Common causes are pneumonia and meningitis?
Septic shock
Occurs when the heart is damaged and unable to supply sufficient blood to the body? Can be an end result of a heart attack?
Cardiogenic shock
A type of severe hypersensitivity or allergic reaction? Causes include insect stings, and food allergies.
Anaphylactic shock
Caused by spinal chord injury, usually a result of a traumatic accident?
Neurogenic shock
Caused by severe blood and fluid loss, such as from traumatic bodily injury, which makes the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body?
Hypo polemic shock
