Chemical, Biological And Radiological Warfare Flashcards
What is chemical warfare?
The employment of chemical agents that are intended for use in military operations to kill, seriously injure, or incapacitate personnel due to their physiological effect.
“NBC environment” includes?
A deliberate or accidental employment or threat of NBC weapons attack with other CBR materials, including toxic industrial materials.
Types of chemical agents?
Nerve agents
Blister agents
Blood agents
Choking agents
Liquid casualty agents that disrupt nerve impulses to the body while damaging body functions rather than tissue.
Nerve agents
Gaseous casualty agents that attack the enzymes carrying oxygen in the blood stream. Rapid breathing or choking may occur due to lack of oxygen in the blood.
Blood agents
Gaseous or liquid casualty agents with initial symptoms that include; tears, dry throat, nausea, vomiting, and headache. The lungs can become filled with fluid, making the victim feel as if they are drowning.
Choking agents
Liquid or solid casualty agents that can cause inflammation, blisters, and general destruction of tissues which often results in temporary blindness and/ or death?
Blister agents
This detects the presence of liquid chemical agents by turning a red or reddish color, it does not detect chemical agent vapors?
M9 chemical agent detector paper
Used as a specific therapy for nerve agent casualties, they are intramuscular injection, self-aid or first aid?
Atropine/2-PAM-chloride auto injector
Biological warfare?
The use of agents to cause disease, sickness, or death to reduce the effectiveness of opposing combatant forces.
What is the basic division of biological agents between?
Pathogens and toxins
Pathogens that could be used as biological agents include?
Bacteria, rickettsia, viruses, fungi, Protozoa, and prions.
Primary way to limit the chemical and biological warfare impact?
Training and awareness
The most important decision in the risk management of chemical agent environments?
The decision to employ IPE
IPE for chemical/biological agent environments consist of?
Protective mask MCU-2P with components (c-2 canister)
Advanced chemical protective garment (acpg)
Chemical protective gloves and liners
Chemical protective over boots and laces
Skin decontamination kit
What is not considered IPE but is provided to complement the individual protection capability?
Medical self-treatment supplies
Phased employment of IPE is specified by what?
Increasingly stringent levels of MOPP
The deliberate use of radiological weapons to produce widespread injury and death of all life?
Radiological warfare
Occurs at altitudes in excess of 100,000 feet, with ionosphere disruptions and EMP?
High altitude air burst
The vacuum created collects debris caused by the severe blast damage resulting in radiation fallout?
Air burst where the fireball does not reach the surface
Similar to the shallow underwater burst but with less visual effect and yields greater contaminated water?
Deep underwater burst
Has the WORST fallout due to fireball touching the surface which results in massive radioactive fallout?
Surface burst
Has a small fireball and blast wave however, it causes large waves and water contamination?
Shallow underwater burst
Shipboard shielding stations are categorized as?
Ready or deep-shelter stations
Stations made just inside the weather envelope, with access to deep shelter?
Ready-shelter stations
Are low in the ship and near the centerline?
Deep-shelter stations
Provide maximum shielding from nuclear radiation, often requiring personnel to be far removed from battle stations?
Deep-shelter stations
Provide minimum shielding from nuclear radiation and allow crew to remain close to battle stations?
Ready-shelter stations
A non-self reading high range casualty dosimeter, which has to be placed in a special radiac computer-indicator to determine the total amount of Hama radiation to which the wearer is exposed in the 0-600 roentgens?
DT-60 dosimeter
A management tool used to coordinate the use of systems and equipment in chemical or biological environments?
MOPP (Mission Oriented Protective Posture)
MOPP Level 0?
Issue IPE, accessible within 5 minutes
MOPP Level 1 afloat?
JSLIST, MASK, gloves readily accessible
MOPP Level 1 ashore?
Don protective equipment, M9 tape
MOPP Level 2 afloat?
Mask carried, decon supplies stage
MOPP Level 2 ashore?
Additional to level 1 is don protective over boots
MOPP Level 3 afloat?
GQ, install filters, don over boots
MOPP Level 3 ashore?
Fill canteens, activate decon stations
MOPP Level 4 afloat?
Don mask/hood, gloves, circle William, countermeasure washdown.
MOPP Level 4 ashore?
Gloves with liners, untie bow in the retention cord, loop between legs and secure to web belt
Categorization of toxins is based on?
The organisms that produce them and the physiological effects the toxins cause in humans.
Mycotoxins are from?
Fungi
Toxins by source include?
Mycotoxins Bacterial toxins Algal toxins Animal venoms And plant toxins
Toxins based on physiological effects include?
Neurotoxins
Cytotoxins
Enterotoxins
Dermatoxins
