FIrst Aid: Mood Disorders Flashcards
What is another term for mood disorders?
affective disorders
Distinct period of time in which some abnormal mood is present.
Mood episode
List the 4 types of mood episodes.
- Major depressive episode
- Manic episode
- Mixed episode
- Hypomanic episode
When are 2 times you can see a major depressive episode?
- MDD
- Bipolar I/II disorder
Name the DSM IV criteria for a major depressive episode.
- Must have at least 5 of the 9 s/s of depression for at least a 2 week period and must include either depressed mood or anhedonia.
- Symptoms must cause social or occupational impairment.
Name the 9 s/s of depression.
- Depressed mood*
- SIGECAPS
List SIG E CAPS
Sleep disturbances (insomnia or hypersomnia) Interest (anhedonia--lose interest in pleasurable activities) Guilty or worthless feelings Energy loss or fatigue Concentration is diminished Appetite or body weight changes Psychomotor agitation or retardation Suicidal thoughts (recurrent)
What is the likelihood for suicide in a pt who has been previously hospitalized for a major depressive episode?
15%
What is the DSM IV criteria for a manic episode?
- Period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood, lasting for at lease 1 week and including at least 3 of the s/s (4 if mood is irritable)
- Symptoms must cause social or occupational impairment
List the 7 s/s of mania.
DIGFAST
- Distractibility
- Insomnia (decreased need for sleep)
- Grandiosity (inflated self-esteem)
- Flight of ideas (racing thoughts)
- Activity is increased and goal directed (socially, at work, or sexually)
- Speech is pressured (rapid and uninterruptible) and pt is more talkative
- Thoughtlessness (excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have high risk for negative consequences)
What percentage of manic patients have psychotic symptoms?
75%
What is the criteria for a mixed episode?
- Criteria met for both manic and major depressive episode
- Criteria must be present nearly every day for at least 1 week
What is the predominant mood state in mixed episodes?
Irritability
What are the treatment options for mixed episodes?
- Poor response to lithium
- Anticonvulsants may help
What is the criteria for a hypomanic episode?
- Distinct period of elevated, expansive or irritable mood that includes at least 3 of the sympoms of mania (4 if mood is irritable)
- Does NOT caused marked impairment in social or occupational functioning
What is the time difference between diagnosing a manic v. hypomanic episode?
Mania- at least 7 days
Hypomania- at least 4 days
Which type of episode may have psychotic features, mania or hypomania?
mania (psychiatric emergency)
What are some medical causes of a manic episode?
- Hyperthyroidism
- MS
- Temporal lobe seizures
- Neoplasms
- HIV
What is the DSM-IV criteria for MDD?
- At least 1 major depressive episode
- No history of mania or hypomania
What is the subtype of MDD only present during winter months (fewer daylight hours)?
SAD (seasonal affective disorder)
How do you treat SAD?
Light Therapy
What are the triad of symptoms for SAD?
Irritability
Carbohydrate drawing
Hypersomnia
What is the lifetime prevalence of MDD?
15%
When is the average age of onset for MDD?
40 yo
Is MDD more common in women or men?
women 2X more common
What is the prevalence of MDD in the elderly?
25-50%
Name the 4 sleep problems associated with MDD.
- Multiple awakenings
- Initial and terminal insomnia (problems falling asleep and early AM wakening)
- Hypersomnia
- REM sleep shifted to earlier in night; stages 3 & 4 decreased
Low CSF levels of what chemicals are found in depressed patients?
- Serotonin
- 5-HIAA
Abnormal regulation of what receptors are seen in depressed patients?
Beta-adrenergic
What do drugs that alleviate symptoms of depression do?
Increase availability of serotonin, NE, and dopamine
What are cortisol levels like in depressed patients?
- High levels due to hyperactive HPA axis
- Fail to suppress cortisol levels in dexamethasone supression test
What sort of thyroid disorders do depressed patients get?
1/3 of MDD patients have blunted TSH response to TRH infusion
True or false: losing a parent before age 11 is associated with later development of MDD
true
True or false: stable family and social functioning have no implication on prognosis for MDD patients
FALSE- have good prognostic indication
If you have a first degree relative with MDD, what increased risk are you for also developing MDD?
2-3X more likely
How many depressed patients contemplate suicide?
around 2/3
How many depressed patients commit suicide?
10-15%
How long do untreated episodes of MDD last?
6-13 months (self limited)
True or false: the episodes of major depression in MDD patients occur more frequently as the disorder progresses
True
What is the risk of another major depressive episode within the first 2 years after having one?
50%
What percentage of MDD patients receive treatment?
50%
What percentage of MDD patients see success with medical therapy (antidepressants)?
75%
When do you admit a patient with MDD?
- SI
- HI
- Inability to care for self
How long do antidepressants take to work?
4-8 weeks