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USMLE Step 1. > First Aid Classic/Relevant Treatments > Flashcards

First Aid Classic/Relevant Treatments Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide

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2
Q

Acute gout attack

A

NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids

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3
Q

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

A

All-trans retinoic acid

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4
Q

ADHD

A

Methylphenidate, CBT, atomoxetine

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5
Q

Alocholism

A

Disulfiram, acomprosate, naltrexone, supportive care

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6
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

A

Long-acting benzodiazepines

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7
Q

Anorexia

A

Nutrition, psychotherapy, mirtazapine

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8
Q

Anticoagulation during pregnancy

A

Heparin

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9
Q

Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

A

Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine)

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10
Q

B12 deficiency

A

Vitamin B12 supplementation (work up cause with Schilling test)

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11
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

alpha1-antagonists, 5alpha-reducatase inhibitors, PDE-5 inhibitors

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12
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Mood stabilizers (lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine), atypical antipsychotics

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13
Q

Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman

A

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

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14
Q

Buerger disease

A

Smoking cessation

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15
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

SSRIs

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16
Q

Candida albicans

A

Topical azoles (vaginitis)

Nystatin, fluconazole, caspofungin (oral/esophageal)

Fluconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin B (systemic)

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17
Q

Carcinoid syndrome

A

Octreotide

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18
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection)

Erythromycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants)

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19
Q

Chronic gout

A

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (allopurinol, febuxostat)

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20
Q

Chronic Hepatitis B or C

A

IFN-alpha (HBV and HCV)

Ribavirin, simeprevir, sofosbuvir (HCV)

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21
Q

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

A

Imatinib

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22
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Antitoxin

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23
Q

Clostridium difficle

A

Oral metronidazole

If refractory, oral vancomycin

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24
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Antitoxin

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25
Q

CMV

A

Ganciclovir, fosarnet, cidofovir

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26
Q

Crohn disease

A

Corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine

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27
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Fluconazole (in AIDS patients)

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28
Q

Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Mesna

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29
Q

Depression

A

SSRIs (first line)

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30
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Desmopressin (central)

Hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)

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31
Q

Diabetes mellitus type 1

A

Dietary intervention (low carb) + insulin replacement

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32
Q

Diabetes mellitus type 2

A

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)

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33
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Fluids, insulin, K+

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34
Q

Enterococci

A

Vancomycin, aminopenicillins/cephalosporins

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35
Q

Erectile dysfunction

A

Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil

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36
Q

ER (+) breast cancer

A

Tamoxifen

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37
Q

Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

A

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

38
Q

H. Flu type B

A

Rifampin (prophylaxis)

39
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

SSRIs, SNRIs (first line)

Buspirone (second line)

40
Q

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)

A

Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids

41
Q

Heparin reversal

A

Protamine sulfate

42
Q

HER2/neu (+) Breast cancer

A

Trastuzumab

43
Q

Hyperaldosteronism

A

Spironolactone

44
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

Statin (first line)

45
Q

Hypertriglyceridemia

A

Fibrate

46
Q

Immediate anticoagulation

A

Heparin

47
Q

Infertility

A

Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene

48
Q

Influenza

A

Oseltamivir, zanamivir

49
Q

Kawasaki disease

A

IVIG, high-dose aspirin

50
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

Macrolides (azithromycin)

51
Q

Long term anticoagulation

A

Warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban

52
Q

Malaria

A

Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hynozoite)

53
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

54
Q

Medical abortion

A

Mifepristone

55
Q

Migraine

A

Abortive therapies (sumatriptan, NSAIDs)

Prophylaxis (propranolol, topiramate, CCBs, amitripyline)

56
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

Disease-modifying therapies (Beta-interferon, natalizumab)

for acute flares use IV steroids

57
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid pyrazinamide, ethambutol)

58
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent C.trachomatis)

59
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent C.trachomatis)

60
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)

61
Q

Neural tube defect prevention

A

Prenatal folic acid

62
Q

Osteomalacia/rickets

A

Vitamin D supplementation

63
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Calcium/Vitamin D supplementation (prophylaxis)

Bisphosphonates, PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin, denosumab (treatment)

64
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

Close with indomethacin

Open or maintain with PGE analogs

65
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

alpha-antagonists (phenoxybenzamine)

66
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS patient)

67
Q

Prolactinoma

A

Cabergoline/bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)

68
Q

Prostate adenocarcinoma

A

Flutamide

69
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Antipseudomonal penicillins, aminoglycosides, carbapenems

70
Q

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)

A

Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol

71
Q

Rickettsia ricketsii

A

Doxycycline, chloramphenicol

72
Q

Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

A

Atypical antipsychotics

73
Q

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

A

Typical and atypical antipsychotics

74
Q

SIADH

A

Fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, conivaptan/tolvaptan, demeclocycline

75
Q

Sickle cell disease

A

hydroxyurea (raises fetal hemoglobin)

76
Q

Sporothrix schenckii

A

Itraconazole, oral potassium iodide

77
Q

Stable angina

A

Sublingual nitroglycerin

78
Q

Staphyloccocus aureus

A

MSSA: Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (antistaphylococcal penicillins)

MRSA: vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline

79
Q

Streptococcus bovis

A

Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis

80
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia)

Vancomycin (meningitis)

81
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Penicillin prophylaxis

82
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

High-dose steroids

83
Q

Tonic-clonic seizures

A

Levatiracetam, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

84
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

85
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Penicillin

86
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

87
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

A

Carbamazepine

88
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

5-ASA preparations (mesalamine), 6-MP, inflixumab, colectomy

89
Q

UTI prophylaxis

A

TMP-SMX

90
Q

Warfarin reversal

A

Fresh frozen plasma (acute)

Vitamin K (chronic)

91
Q

Prostate adenocarcinoma/uterine fibroids

A

Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

USMLE Step 1. (19 decks)

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