First Aid Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards
1
Q
Anticentromere antibodies
A
Scleroderma (CREST)
2
Q
Anti-desmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
A
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
3
Q
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
A
Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
4
Q
Antihistone antibodies
A
Drug-induced SLE (e.g. hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)
5
Q
Anti-IgG antibodies
A
RA (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
6
Q
Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
A
primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
7
Q
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
A
Microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) (MPO-ANCA/pANCA); granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegener; PR3-ANCA/cANCA)
8
Q
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs; anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
A
SLE (type 3 hypersensitivity)
9
Q
Antiplatelet antibodies
A
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
10
Q
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
A
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
11
Q
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-endomysial antibodies
A
Celiac disease (diarrhea, weight loss)
12
Q
“Apple core” lesion on barium enema X Ray
A
Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
13
Q
Atypical lymphocytes
A
EBV
14
Q
Azurophilic peroxidase (+) granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
A
Auer Rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic M3 type)
15
Q
Bacitracin response
A
Sensitive: S.pyogenes (groupA); resistant: S.agalactiae (group B)
16
Q
“Bamboo spine” on XR
A
Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis HLA-B27)
17
Q
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
A
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
18
Q
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
A
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
19
Q
Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture
A
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
20
Q
“Boot-shaped” heart on XR
A
Tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH)
21
Q
Branching gram (+) rods with sulfur granules
A
Actinomyces israelii
22
Q
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
A
Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)
23
Q
“Brown” tumor of bone
A
Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (depositied hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
24
Q
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
A
Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
25
Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule
rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
26
"Chocolate cyst" of ovary
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
27
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)
28
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene leads to fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
29
Low AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
30
Degeneration of dorsal column fibers
Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebeller tracts affected)
31
"delta wave" on EKG, short PR interval, supraventricular tachcardia
Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome (Bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)
32
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson Disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia
33
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
34
Disarryed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)
35
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with "raisinoid" nuclei and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
36
Electrical alternans (alternating amplitude in EKG)
Pericardial tamponade
37
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"Owl eye" appearance of CMV
38
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei with central clearing
"Orphan Annie" eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
39
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei with central clearing
"Orphan Annie" eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
40
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)
41
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (parkinson disease)
42
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis
43
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons
Negri bodies of rabies
44
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)
45
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)
46
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
47
"Hair on end" ("Crew-cut") appearance on XR
Beta-Thalassemia, sickle cell disease (marrow expansion)
48
hCG elevated
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)
49
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
50
Heterophile antibodies
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
51
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
52
High levels of D-Dimers
DVT, PE, DIC
53
Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle of lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)
54
"Honeycomb sign" on XR or CT
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
55
Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
56
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neuro symptoms)
57
HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Conn syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism)
58
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)
59
Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
60
Increased uric acid levels
Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
61
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or VZV)
62
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar sputum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestos: higher chance of mesothelioma)
63
Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
Squamous cell carcinoma
64
Large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
65
"Lead Pipe" appearance of colon on abdominal imaging
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
66
Linear apperance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes
Goodpasture syndrome
67
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration
68
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration
69
"Lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (due to deposition of IgG, IgM, and C3)
70
Lytic ("punched out") bone lesions on XR
Multiple myeloma
71
Mammary gland ("blue domed") cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
72
Monoclonal antibody spike
Multiple Myeloma (usually IgG or IgA)
Monoclonal gammapathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging)
Walderstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
Primary amyloidosis
73
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
"Signet ring" (gastric carcinoma)
74
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium XR
"string sign" (Crohn disease)
75
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)
Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
76
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)
Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
77
Needle shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
78
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
79
Novobiocin response
Sensitive: S.epidermidis
Resistant: S. saprophyticus
80
"Nutmeg" appearance of liver
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or Budd-Chiari syndrome
81
"Onion skin" appearance of liver
Ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)
82
Optochin response
Sensitive: S. pneumoniae
Resistant: viridans streptococci - S. mutans, S. sanguis
83
Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman triangle on XR, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis
84
Podocyte fusion or "effacement" on electron microscopy
Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
85
Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
86
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)
87
Psammoma bodies
Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
88
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
89
RBC casts in urine
Glomerulonephritis
90
Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
91
Recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
92
Renal epithelial casts in urine
intrinsic renal failure (ischemia or toxic injury)
93
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophospate dihydrate crystals)
94
Rib notching
Coarctation of the aorta
95
Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
96
Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages ("starry sky" histology)
Burkitt lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; "starry sky" made up of malignant cells)
97
Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
98
"Soap bubble" on femur or tibia on XR
Giant cell tumor (generally benign)
99
"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits
Membranous nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)
100
Stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
101
"Steeple sign" on CXR
Croup (parainfluenza virus)
102
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)
103
Streptococcus bovis bacteremia
Colon cancer
104
"Tennis racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis)
105
Thousands of polyps on colonoscopy
Familial adenomatous polyposis (autosomal dominant, mutation of APC gene)
106
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
107
"Thumb sign" on lateral neck XR
Epiglottitis (H. flu)
108
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic pyelonephritis (usually due to recurrent infections)
109
"tram-track" apperance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
110
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
111
"Waxy" casts with very low urine flow
Chronic end-stage renal disease
112
WBC casts in urine
Acute pyelonephritis
113
WBCs that look "smudged"
CLL (almost always B cell)
114
"Wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually seen with lupus)
115
Yellowish CSF
Xanthochromia (e.g. due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)
