First Aid Classic Presentations Flashcards
1
Q
Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
A
Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)
2
Q
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, leukocytosis, recent antibiotic use
A
C. Diff infection
3
Q
Achilles tendon xanthoma
A
Familial hypercholesterolemia (low LDL receptor signaling)
4
Q
Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC
A
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)
5
Q
Anaphylaxis following blood transfusion
A
IgA deficiency
6
Q
Anterior “drawer sign” (+)
A
ACL injury
7
Q
Arachnodactyly, lens discoloration, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
A
Marfan
8
Q
Athlete with polycythemia
A
secondary to erytropoietin injection
9
Q
Back pain, fever, night sweats
A
Pott Disease (vertebral TB)
10
Q
Bilateral acoustic schwannomas
A
Neurofibromatosis type 2
11
Q
Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
A
Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
12
Q
Black eschar on face of patient with diabetic ketoacidosis
A
Mucor or Rhizopus fungal infection
13
Q
Blue sclera
A
Osteogenesis imperfecta (type 1 collagen defect)
14
Q
Bluish line on gingiva
A
Burton line (lead poisoning)
15
Q
Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
A
Paget Disease of bone (high osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
16
Q
Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing
A
Aortic regurgitation
17
Q
“Butterfly” facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young female
A
SLE
18
Q
Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma), cutaneous neurofibromas, pheochromocytomas, optic gliomas
A
Neurofibromatosis type 1
19
Q
Cafe-au-lait spots (unilateral), polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities
A
McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G protein signaling mutation)
20
Q
Calf pseudohypertrophy
A
Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne, due to X-linked recessive frameshift mutation of dystrophin gene)
21
Q
Cervical lymphadenopathy, desquamating rash, coronary aneurysms, red conjunctivae and tongue
A
Kawasaki disease (treat with IVIG and aspirin)
22
Q
“Cherry red spots” on macula
A
Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion
23
Q
“Cherry red spots” on macula
A
Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion
24
Q
Chest pain on exertion
A
Angina (stable: with moderate exertion; unstable: with minimal exertion or rest)
25
Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
Dressler syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 2-12 weeks after acute episode)
26
Chest pain with ST elevation on EKG
Unstable angina (troponin -) or STEMI (troponin +)
27
Child uses arms to stand up from squat
Gowers sign (Duchenne MD)
28
Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body
"Slapped cheeks" (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease parvovirus B19)
29
Chorea, dementia, caudate dengeration
Huntington Disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)
30
Chrioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications
Congenital toxoplasmosis
31
Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria
McArdle disease (skeltal muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)
32
Cold intolerance
Hypothyroidism
33
Conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
Internuclear opthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; may be unilateral or bilateral)
34
Continuous "machine-like" heart murmur
PDA (close with indomethacin; open or maintain with PGE analogs)
35
Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
Myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease [pretibial])
36
Cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm
Carcinoid syndrome (right-sided cardiac valvular lesions, High 5-HIAA)
37
Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS
Kaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8
38
Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS
Kaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8
39
Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
Kussmaul respirations (DKA)
40
Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
Pellagra (niacin [B3] deficiency)
41
Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition
Wet beriberi (thiamine [B1] deficiency)
42
Dog or cat bite resulting in infection
Pasteurella multocida (cellulits at inoculation site)
43
Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
Sjorgen syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
44
Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)
45
Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints, higher bleeding tendency
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type 5 collagen defect, type III collagen defect seen in vascular subtype)
46
Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
Virchow node (abdominal metastasis)
47
Episodic vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss
Meniere disease
48
Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) or Sezary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood)
49
Facial muscle spasm upon tapping
Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)
50
Fat, female, forty, and fertile
Cholelithiasis (gallstones)
51
Fever, chills, HA, myalgia following antibiotic tx for syphillus
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in endotoxin release)
52
Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
Measles
53
Fever, night sweats, weight loss
B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma
54
Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis with abnormal curvature
Peyronie disease (connective tissue disorder)
55
Golden brown rings around peripheral cornea
Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulations from Wilson Disease)
56
Gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behavior in a boy
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive)
57
Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands/genitalia
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; higher cancer risk, mainly GI)
58
Hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis of femur, bone crises
Gaucher disease (glucocerbrosidase deficiency)
59
Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
Alport syndrome (mutation in collagen IV)
60
Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)
61
Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski present
UMN damage
62
Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasiculations
LMN damage
63
Hypoxemia, polycythemia, Hypercapnia
"Blue bloater" (chronic bronchitis; hyperplasia of mucous cells)
64
Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
Nonpain: chancre (primary syphilis, Treponema pallidum)
| Painful,with exudate: chancroid (haemophilus ducreyi)
65
Infant with "cherry red" spot on macula, hepatosplenomegaly, and neurodegeneration
Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)
66
Infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia
Patau (trisomy 13)
67
Infant with hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly
Cori disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) or Von Gierke disease (G6P deficiency, more severe)
68
Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect
Edwards (trisomy 18)
69
Jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gallbladder
Courvoisier sign (distal obstruction of biliary tree)
70
Large rash with bulls-eye appearance
Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia)
71
Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
Epidural hematoma (Middle meningeal artery rupture)
72
Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells
Bruton disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
73
Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells
Bruton disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
74
Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
Glanzmann thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of Gp2b/3a)
75
Muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension
Beck triad of cardiac tamponade
76
Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth
Gardner syndrome (subtype of FAP)
77
Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance
Pompe disease (lysosomal alpha-1,4-glucosidase deficiency)
78
Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth
Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury: "waiter's tip")
79
No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
Sheehan syndrome (pituitary infarction)
80
Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia
MS
81
Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis, CLL)
82
Painful fingers/toes changing color from blue to white to red with cold or stress
Raynaud phenomenon (vasospasm in extremities)
83
Painful, raised red lesions on pads of fingers/toes
Osler nodes (infective endocarditis, immune complex deposition)
84
Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli/microabscesses)
85
Painless jaundice
Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
86
Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria
Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)
87
Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors
MEN 1 (autosomal dominant)
88
Periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia
Nephrotic syndrome
89
Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
"Pink Puffer" (emphysema: centriacinar [smoking], panacinar [alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency])
90
Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets
Fanconi syndrome (multiple combined dysfunction of the proximal convoluted tubule)
91
Pruritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques (6 Ps)
Lichen planus
92
Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
Horner syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)
93
Pupil accommodates but doesn't react
Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilus)
94
Pupil accommodates but doesn't react
Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilus)
95
Rapidly progressive limb weakness that ascends following GI/upper respiratory infection
Guillain-Barre syndrome (acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy subtype)
96
Rash on palms and soles
Coxsackie A, Secondary syphilus, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
97
Reccurent cold (noninflamed) abscesses, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)
98
Red "currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients
Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia
99
Red "currant jelly" stools
Acute mesenteric ischemia (adults), intussusception (children)
100
red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
Paget disease of the breast (sign of underlying neoplasm)
101
Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
102
Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma
von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)
103
Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability, shuffling gait
Parkinson disease (loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta)
104
Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis)
105
Severe jaundice in neonate
Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
106
Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ
Rovsing sign (acute appendicitis)
107
Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
McBurney sign (acute appendicitis)
108
Short stature, cafe-au-lait spots, thumb/radial defects, high incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
Fanconi anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML)
109
Single palmar crease
Down syndrome
110
Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility
Kartagener syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)
111
Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue
primary adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison disease) causes high ACTH and high alpha-MSH production
112
Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
Becker MD (X linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than duchenne MD)
113
Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers
Koplik spots (measles; rubeola virus)
114
Smooth, moist, painless, wart-like white lesions on genitals
Condylomata lata (secondary syphilis)
115
Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
Bacterial endocarditis
116
"Strawberry" tongue
Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease
117
Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema
Turner Syndrome (45, XO)
118
Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
119
Swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiae
Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
120
Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
Aortic stenosis
121
Telangiectasias, recurrent epistaxis, skin discoloration, arteriovenous malformations, GI bleeding, hematuria
Osler-Weber-Rendu sydnrome
122
Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma
MEN 2A (autosomal dominant RET mutation)
123
Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis
MEN 2B (autosomal dominant RET mutation)
124
Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
Babinksy sign (UMN lesion)
125
Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
LMN facial nerve (CN VII) palsy; UMN lesions spare the forehead
126
Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27
127
Vascular birthmark (port wine stain) of the face
Nevus flammeus (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome)
128
Vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations
Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients)
129
Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
Whipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei)
130
"worst headache of my life"
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
131
"worst headache of my life"
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
132
Swollen, hard painful finger joints
Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard nodes], DIP [Heberden nodes])
