First Aid: Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards
1
Q
Anticentromere antibodies
A
Scleroderma (CREST)
2
Q
Anti-desmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
A
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
3
Q
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
A
Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
4
Q
Antihistone antibodies
A
Drug-induced SLE (e.g., hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)
5
Q
Anti-IgG antibodies
A
Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, join pannus, boutonniere deformity)
6
Q
Anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
A
Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, protal hypertension)
7
Q
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
A
Microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg Strauss syndrome) (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA) Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)
8
Q
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
A
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
9
Q
Antiplatelet antibodies
A
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
10
Q
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
A
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
11
Q
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
A
Celiac disease (diarrhea, weight loss)
12
Q
Apple core” lesion on barium enema x-ray”
A
Colorectal cancer (usually left_sided)
13
Q
Atypical lymphocytes
A
EBV
14
Q
Azurophilic peroxidase (+) granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
A
Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)
15
Q
Bacitracin response
A
Sensitive: S. pyogenes (group A) Resistant: S. agalactiae (group B)
16
Q
Bamboo spine” on x-ray”
A
Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
17
Q
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
A
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
18
Q
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
A
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
19
Q
Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture
A
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
20
Q
“Boot-shaped” heart on x-ray”
A
Tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH)
21
Q
Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
A
Actinomyces israelii
22
Q
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
A
Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)
23
Q
Brown” tumor of bone”
A
Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
24
Q
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
A
Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
25
Cellular crescents in bowman capsule
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
26
Chocolate cyst" of ovary"
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
27
Circular groupign of dark tumor cells surroundign pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)
28
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene → fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
29
Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities
30
Degeneration of dorsal column fibers
Tabes dorsalis (tertiary symphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected)
31
Delta wave" on EKG, short PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia"
Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome (Bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)
32
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
33
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
34
Disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collectinos of eosinophilic fluid
Call\_Exner bodies (granuloa cell tumor of the ovary)
35
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with raisinoid" nuclei and hyperchormasia"
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
36
Electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG)
Pericardial tamponade
37
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"Owl eye" appearance of CMV"
38
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei with central clearing
Orphan Annie" eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)"
39
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)
40
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (Parkinson disease)
41
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis
42
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons
Negri bodies of rabies
43
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)
44
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (owl's eye")"
Reed\_Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)
45
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
46
Hair on end" ("Crew-cut") appearance on x-ray"
Beta thalassemia Sickle cell disease (marrow expansion)
47
hCG elevated
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)
48
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
49
Heterophile antibodies
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
50
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
51
High level of D-dimers
DVT, PE, DIC
52
Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)
53
Honeycomb lung" on x-ray or CT"
Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
54
Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
55
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neuro symptoms) (Folate deficiency: no neuro symptoms)
56
Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Conn syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism)
57
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal Hb sometimes present)
58
Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
59
Increased uric acid levels
gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
60
intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or VZV)
61
iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)
62
keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
squamous cell carcinoma
63
large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higasthi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
64
lead pipe" appearance of colon on abdominal imaging"
ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
65
linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular and alveolar basement membranes
Goodpasture syndrome
66
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
67
lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence"
post\_streptococcal glomerulonephritis (due to deposition of IgG, IgM, and C3)
68
lytic ("punched-out") bone lesion on x-ray"
multiple myeloma
69
mammary gland (blue domed") cyst"
fibrocystic change of the breast
70
monoclonal antibody spike
Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA) Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging) Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia Primary amyloidosis
71
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
Signet ring" (gastric carcinoma)"
72
narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray
string sign" (Crohn disease)"
73
necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) and Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
74
needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
gout (monosodium urate crystals)
75
nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
76
novobiocin response
sensitive: S. epidermidis resistant: S. saprophyticus
77
Nutmeg" appearance of liver"
chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure or Budd-Chiari syndrome
78
onion skin" periosteal reaction"
Ewing sarcoma (malignant small blue cell tumor)
79
optochin response
Sensitive: Strep. pneumonia Resistant: viridans streptococci (S. mutans, S. sanguis)
80
periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman triangle on x-ray, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis
81
podocyte fusion or effacement" on electron microscopy"
minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
82
polished, ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion"
eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
83
protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
neurofibrillary tangle (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)
84
psammoma bodies
meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
85
pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
glioblastoma multiforme
86
RBC casts in urine
glomerulonephritis
87
rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
88
Recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
89
renal epithelial casts in urine
intrinsic renal failure (e.g., ischemia or toxic injury)
90
rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
91
rib notching
coarctation of the aorta
92
ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
93
histology)"
Burkitt lymphoma (t[8;14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; starry sky" made up of malignant cells)"
94
silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
95
soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray"
giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
96
spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits"
membranous nephropathy (nephrotic syndrome)
97
stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
98
steeple" sign on CXR"
croup (parainfluenza virus)
99
stippled vaginal epithelial cells
clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)"
100
streptococcus bovis bacteremia
colon cancer
101
tennis racket-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells"
Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis)
102
thousands of polyps on colonoscopy
familial adenomatous polyposis (autosomal dominant, mutation of APC gene)
103
thrombi made of whit/red layers
lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
104
thumb sign" on lateral neck x-ray"
epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenze)
105
thyroid-like appearance of kidney
chronic pyelonephritis (usually due to recurrent infections)
106
"tram-track" appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy"
membranoproliferative glomerulophritis
107
triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
108
"waxy" casts with very low urine flow"
chronic end-stage renal disease
109
WBC casts in urine
acute pyelonephritis
110
WBCs that look smudged" CLL (almost always B cell)"
CLL (almost always B cell)
111
wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy"
diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (usually seen with lupus)
112
yellowish CSF
xanthochromia (e.g., due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)
