First Aid Flashcards
An older lady has suffered a deep laceration to her scalp. Bleeding stopped with pressure, and you placed a dressing and bandage. Blood has soaked through both.
What is the correct treatment?
Remove all the dressing and reapply firm, direct prolonged pressure directly to the wound, then reapply a dressing.
What are the signs and symptoms on INTERNAL bleeding?
- Discolouration and swelling of the affected area
2. Patient may display signs of shock
If you believe a patient maybe bleeding internally what should you do?
Call for an Ambulance immediately
Lie them down
Keep them warm and calm
What is shock?
Shock is the inadequate circulation of oxygenated blood to body a vital organs
What are the signs and symptoms of Shock?
- Nausea
- Sweating
- Faint or light headed
- Confused
- Pale, cool and clammy skin
- Weak rapid pulse
In what situations could a person develop shock?
- Blood loss
- Hypoxia due to drowning
- Heat attack
- Allergic reaction
- Drug overdose
- Severe hypothermia or heat stroke
How should you treat shock?
Call 111
Lie them down
Keep them warm
Recheck DRSABCD frequently
Do NOT give give food or drink to the patient
Be prepared to perform CPR
What are 4 signs and symptoms of Anaphylaxis?
- Tounge swelling
- Trouble breathing
- Vomiting
- A widespread rash
A few minutes ago a 4 year old child stepped on a bee and was stung.
Their parent has brought them to you in the surf club house.
The child now has a rash over their entire body, and their lips and tongue a very swollen.
Their voice is raspy and they are panicked.
What is the most important action you can take?
- Call 11 for an ambulance
- Lie the patient down or sit them down.
- Administer an Epi -pen if available.
- Recheck DRSABCD
Name 3 ways burns can be caused?
- Chemical
- Thermal (hot/cold)
- Electrical
What steps should you take to treat burns?
- Stop - by removing the person from the source of the burning
- Cool immediately by placing burn under cool running water for 20 minutes
- Cover with plastic cling film or burn gel dressing
Why is it important to cover both eyes if only one is injured?
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What is the correct way to flush an eye?
- Position the patient on his back and tilt his head to one side.
- Hold the eye open and pour clean cold water over the eye.
What is the difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke?
The main difference is that in heat exhaustion the patient continues to sweat whereas with heat stroke the skin is dry, hot and sweating has stopped.
Heat exhaustion = sweat, wet skin
Heat stroke = Dry skin
How would you care for a patient if they had Heat stroke?
- Call an Ambulance
- Move them to a cool place
- Lie them down
- Remove excess clothing
- Have them drink water if they are fully alert
- Cool them down
What are 2 ways you can prevent heat related problems?
- Lots to drink through the day
2. Stay in shaded areas where possible.
What is Hypothermia?
When the core body temperature drops due to an increase in heat loss or a decrease in heat production.
Signs and symptoms of Hypothemia
Feeling cold and shivering
Skin cold to touch
Blue-tinged skin colour
Confusion
Slow weak pulse
Shock
How would you treat a person who has hypothermia and is still conscious?
Remove from cold
Lay them down on an insulated surface
Remove wet clothing
Insulate them from the cold -warm them up
Moniter DRSABCD’s
What can you do to prevent hypothermia?
Wear warm clothing
Keep your head warm
Dont stay in the cold for too long.
How should you treat a sting from a jellyfish?
Pluck off the tentacles immediately
Pour or spray white vinegar onto the sting site
Soak the sting in hot water
What are the symptoms of a serious head injury?
Bleeding
Confusion
Headache
Slurred speach
Sleepy
Vomiting and nausea
Name 3 things you should do to manage a head injury
Secure ABC’s
Stabilise the head and neck -immobilise
Control any bleeding and call an ambulance
What is the greatest risk when dealing with a spinal injury?
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