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Andrew > First Aid > Flashcards

First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

An older lady has suffered a deep laceration to her scalp. Bleeding stopped with pressure, and you placed a dressing and bandage. Blood has soaked through both.

What is the correct treatment?

A

Remove all the dressing and reapply firm, direct prolonged pressure directly to the wound, then reapply a dressing.

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2
Q

What are the signs and symptoms on INTERNAL bleeding?

A
  1. Discolouration and swelling of the affected area

2. Patient may display signs of shock

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3
Q

If you believe a patient maybe bleeding internally what should you do?

A

Call for an Ambulance immediately

Lie them down

Keep them warm and calm

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4
Q

What is shock?

A

Shock is the inadequate circulation of oxygenated blood to body a vital organs

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5
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Shock?

A
  • Nausea
  • Sweating
  • Faint or light headed
  • Confused
  • Pale, cool and clammy skin
  • Weak rapid pulse
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6
Q

In what situations could a person develop shock?

A
  • Blood loss
  • Hypoxia due to drowning
  • Heat attack
  • Allergic reaction
  • Drug overdose
  • Severe hypothermia or heat stroke
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7
Q

How should you treat shock?

A

Call 111

Lie them down

Keep them warm

Recheck DRSABCD frequently

Do NOT give give food or drink to the patient

Be prepared to perform CPR

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8
Q

What are 4 signs and symptoms of Anaphylaxis?

A
  1. Tounge swelling
  2. Trouble breathing
  3. Vomiting
  4. A widespread rash
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9
Q

A few minutes ago a 4 year old child stepped on a bee and was stung.

Their parent has brought them to you in the surf club house.

The child now has a rash over their entire body, and their lips and tongue a very swollen.

Their voice is raspy and they are panicked.

What is the most important action you can take?

A
  1. Call 11 for an ambulance
  2. Lie the patient down or sit them down.
  3. Administer an Epi -pen if available.
  4. Recheck DRSABCD
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10
Q

Name 3 ways burns can be caused?

A
  1. Chemical
  2. Thermal (hot/cold)
  3. Electrical
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11
Q

What steps should you take to treat burns?

A
  1. Stop - by removing the person from the source of the burning
  2. Cool immediately by placing burn under cool running water for 20 minutes
  3. Cover with plastic cling film or burn gel dressing
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12
Q

Why is it important to cover both eyes if only one is injured?

A

?

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13
Q

What is the correct way to flush an eye?

A
  1. Position the patient on his back and tilt his head to one side.
  2. Hold the eye open and pour clean cold water over the eye.
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14
Q

What is the difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke?

A

The main difference is that in heat exhaustion the patient continues to sweat whereas with heat stroke the skin is dry, hot and sweating has stopped.

Heat exhaustion = sweat, wet skin

Heat stroke = Dry skin

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15
Q

How would you care for a patient if they had Heat stroke?

A
  1. Call an Ambulance
  2. Move them to a cool place
  3. Lie them down
  4. Remove excess clothing
  5. Have them drink water if they are fully alert
  6. Cool them down
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16
Q

What are 2 ways you can prevent heat related problems?

A
  1. Lots to drink through the day

2. Stay in shaded areas where possible.

17
Q

What is Hypothermia?

A

When the core body temperature drops due to an increase in heat loss or a decrease in heat production.

18
Q

Signs and symptoms of Hypothemia

A

Feeling cold and shivering

Skin cold to touch

Blue-tinged skin colour

Confusion

Slow weak pulse

Shock

19
Q

How would you treat a person who has hypothermia and is still conscious?

A

Remove from cold

Lay them down on an insulated surface

Remove wet clothing

Insulate them from the cold -warm them up

Moniter DRSABCD’s

20
Q

What can you do to prevent hypothermia?

A

Wear warm clothing

Keep your head warm

Dont stay in the cold for too long.

21
Q

How should you treat a sting from a jellyfish?

A

Pluck off the tentacles immediately

Pour or spray white vinegar onto the sting site

Soak the sting in hot water

22
Q

What are the symptoms of a serious head injury?

A

Bleeding

Confusion

Headache

Slurred speach

Sleepy

Vomiting and nausea

23
Q

Name 3 things you should do to manage a head injury

A

Secure ABC’s

Stabilise the head and neck -immobilise

Control any bleeding and call an ambulance

24
Q

What is the greatest risk when dealing with a spinal injury?

A

??

25
Q

A dirt bike rider crashes on the beach.

His alert, but his neck hurts.

He should be allowed to maintain his own head and neck in a position of comfort.

If he is unable to do this, you should perform ……… of his cervical spine?

A

Answer = Manual in-line stabilisation

26
Q

What is a heart attack?

What are the signs and symptoms?

A

A sudden blockage of blood flow to part of the heart muscle, causing that part of the muscle to die.

Symptoms:

  • Persistant central chest pain
  • Cool pale skin
  • Nausea
  • Shortness of breath
  • Dizziness
27
Q

How should you treat a patient with heart problems?

A
  1. Call an ambulance immediately -have an AED brought over
  2. Make them comfortable, sit them down
  3. If conscious give them chewable asprin
  4. Moniter DRSABCD’s
28
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Asthma?

A
  • Shortness of breath
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Wheezing and coughing
  • Tight chest
  • Rapid pulse
  • Blue around the lips
  • Cant speak
29
Q

In regards to asthma attacks, when should you call for an ambulance?

A

If the patients breathing does NOT improve after the first use of the inhaler.

30
Q

A 20 year old woman is found unconscious in her camper van on a sunny summer day.

She is unresponsive, and you she is wearing a medical alert bracelet.

What are some of the likely causes for her unconsciousness?

A

1.

Andrew (7 decks)

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