First Aid Flashcards
What is the object of first aid?
- Stop bleeding.
- Overcome shock.
- Relieve pain.
- Prevent infection.
What is first aid?
It is the first care given to casualties before treatment by medical personnel can be made available.
When would you not provide first aid to a casualty?
If rendering aid will put your life in danger or if you find a casualty with no signs of life–no pulse, no breathing.
What are the lifesaving steps (The ABCs of medical treatment)?
- Open the airway and restore breathing.
- Stop the bleeding/protect the wound.
- Prevent shock.
What does CPR stand for?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Whose first aid dressing should be used on a casualty?
Use the casualty’s field dressing.
What should you do to indicate that a casualty has received a tourniquet?
Mark his or her forehead with a T and, if possible, note the time of the application of the tourniquet.
Should you ever remove or loosen a tourniquet?
No, only qualified medical personnel can do that.
Where is a tourniquet applied?
Place the tourniquet around the limb, between the wound and the body trunk (or between the wound and the heart). Never place it directly over a wound, a fracture, or joint. Tourniquets, for maximum effectiveness, should be placed on the upper arm or above the knee on the thigh.
Name 3 categories of heat injuries.
- Heat cramps.
- Heat exhaustion.
- Heat stroke.
What are the signs and symptoms of heat cramps?
- Cramping in the extremities.
- Abdominal cramps.
- Excessive sweating.
What is the treatment for heat cramps?
- Move the casualty to a cool, shady area or improvise shade if none is available.
- Loosen his clothing (if not in a chemical environment).
- Have him slowly drink at least one canteen full of water (preferably cool water).
- Seek medical assistance should cramps continue.
What are the signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion?
- Excessive sweating with pale, moist, cool skin.
- Headache.
- Weakness.
- Dizziness.
- Loss of appetite.
- Cramping.
- Nausea/vomiting.
- Chills.
- Rapid breathing.
- Tingling of hands/feet.
- Confusion.
What are the signs and symptoms of heat stroke?
- Red, hot, and dry skin.
- Weakness.
- Dizziness.
- Confusion.
- Headaches.
- Seizures.
- Nausea/vomiting.
- Stomach pains or cramps.
- Rapid/weak pulse/breathing.
- Unconsciousness.
What is the treatment for heat stroke?
- Move him to a cool, shady area or improvising shade if not available.
- Loosen/remove his/her clothing (except in chemical environments).
- Spray or pour water on him while fanning him.
- Massaging his extremities and skin, to increase blood flow.
- Elevate his legs.
- Have him slowly drink at least one canteen full of water.
- Seek medical assistance immediately.
What are two basic types of fractures?
- Open (compound).
2. Closed (simple).
What are some signs of an open fracture?
- Bleeding.
- Bones sticking through skin.
- Irregular pulse in area.
What are sings of a closed fracture?
- Swelling.
- Discoloration.
- Deformity.
- Unusual body position.
- Irregular pulse in area.
With an open fracture, what should you do first?
Stop the bleeding.
What is the basic proven principle in splinting fractures?
Splint them where they lie (splint them before you move them).
How tight should a tourniquet be?
Tightened until the bright red bleeding has stopped.
What are the three types of bleeding?
- Arterial-Bright red blood spurting with each heartbeat.
- Venous-Dark red blood that flows in a steady stream.
- Capillary-Blood oozes from the wound.
Name four common points for checking pulse.
- Carotid- The side of the neck.
- Femoral- The groin.
- Radial- The wrist.
- Posterial Tibial- Ankle.
What is the greatest preventive measure for disease?
Cleanliness.
How do you stop bleeding?
- Apply a field dressing.
- Manual pressure.
- Elevate the limb.
- Apply a pressure dressing.
- Digital pressure.
- Apply a tourniquet.
What are the eight steps in evaluating a casualty?
Check for:
- Responsiveness
- Breathing
- Pulse.
- Bleeding.
- Shock.
- Fractures.
- Burns.
- Possible concussions.
What are the two prescribed methods for opening an airway?
- Jaw thrust.
2. Head tilt/chin lift.
What are the three categories used in medical evacuation?
- Urgent-within 2 hours.
- Priority-within 4 hours.
- Routine-within 24 hours.
Name the four types of burns.
- Thermal.
- Electrical.
- Chemical.
- Laser.
