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VETS1018 Professional Foundations > First Aid > Flashcards

First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

DR ABC

A

Danger
Response

Airway
Breathing
Circulation

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2
Q

Danger

A

Danger to the responder OR the animal
Assess the situation
animal may be in pain/scared
Always Muzzle (unless breathing problems)

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3
Q

Response

A

Ask: Is the animal conscious?
If recumbant it may still bite
Any injury beside a road NEEDS to be treated as a spinal

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4
Q

Airway

A 
Clear airway (may have foreign body or tissue obstruction)
Care not to get bitten

Upper airway problem

  • Long breath IN
  • Short breath OUT
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5
Q

Upper Respiratory Problems

A
  • Long breath IN

- Short breath OUT

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6
Q

Breathing

A

Is it breathing, no? = Apnoea

Check pulse –> CPR –> mouth/snout

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7
Q

Adequacy of Ventilation equation

A

Adequacy of Ventilation equation (effort and rate) = Respiratory rate x Tidal Volume

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8
Q

Dyspnoea

A

Subjective experience of breathing discomfort

  • head and neck extended, limbs abducted
  • blue tinge to mucosal membrane (cyanosis)
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9
Q

Circulation (4)

A

(RRAT)

  • Rate
  • Rhythm
  • Amplitude = Pulse pressure (systolic - diastolic)
  • Tone
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10
Q

2 main places to check pulse

A

1) Femoral

2) Dorsal pedal

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11
Q

Mentation

A

Mental state

Normal -> Stuperous -> Comatose

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12
Q

Disability (5)

A

1) Head Trauma
2) Seizures
3) Pain
4) Fractures
5) Haemorrhage - Arterial vs Venous

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13
Q

Head Trauma

A

Elevate head above the heart 15-30 deg.

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14
Q

Seizures (4)

A

1) True seizures
2) Partial seizures
3) Status Epilepticus
4) Cluster seizures

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15
Q

Status Epilepticus

A

Continuing for longer than 5 minutes

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16
Q

What can Status Epilepticus cause (3)

A

1) Lung Oedema (water build up)
2) Cerebral Oedema
3) Hyperthermia - effects all organs

17
Q

What to do during a seizure?

A
  • animal may become aggressive because they dont know who you are
  • remove children from situation
  • if persistent seizure, place cool damp towel on animals limbs
  • If clustering, GO to veterinary clinic
  • 3-5 minutes seizure –> 20 minutes later seems okay -> ask veterinarian for advice
18
Q

Do animals swallow tongues during seizures?

A

No

19
Q

What not to do during seizures?

A

Do not place hands close to mouth

Do not hit, spray, startle animal out of the seizure, let them come out themselves

20
Q

Signs of Pain and Fractures

A 
Guarding pain
Reluctance to handle
Agression 
Prayer position
Trembling
Hypersalivation
21
Q

Trauma

A

BDLD effect
(Big dog Little dog) effect
Iceberg effect: May look small from the surface but have crushing injuries, torn blood supplies, ruptured gut, ruptured bladder, collapsed lung, etc.

22
Q

What causes vomiting - at home products (5)

A

1) Washing Soda Crystals - 1cm^3 per 20kg
2) 3% H2O2: 2.2mL/kg, repeat 15 minutes later
3) Dishwashing liquid: 3tbs in 1 cup water
4) Syrup of Ipecac: 1-2ml/kg (dog), 3ml/kg cat
5) Table salt: ONLY if needed, may induce salt toxicity

23
Q

Poisoning in small animals (7)

A

1) Prescription medications
2) Flea and tick products
3) Over counter meds - Paracetamol, ibuprofen
4) Pet medications
5) Household items - ratbaits, snail pellets
6) People foods - chocolate, grapes/raisins, macadamia nuts, alcohol
7) Recreational drugs - marijuana

24
Q

Heatstroke

A

Life Threatening
Body temp >40
Body temp >43 severe organ damage
Rare in cats

25
Q

Snub nosed scientific name

A

Brachycepahlic

26
Q

What increases risk of heatstroke

A

1) Obesity
2) Dark coats, thick coats
3) Snub nosed (Brachycepahlic)
4) Laryngeal disease
5) Hot humid environments
6) Poor acclimatization

27
Q

Treatment of Heatstroke Do’s and Dont’s

A

Do:
- cool down immediately
- Tap water/hose dow for 15-20 minutes
get to vet ASAP

Dont:

  • wrap in blankets
  • Freezer
  • Ice water baths
28
Q

CPRC Chest Compressions

A

~80-120 compressions/min

  • Chest compressed 1/3rd of chest width
  • Duty cycle = 50:50 compression to decompression ratio
  • Change person compressing every 2 minutes
  • Patient under 10-15kg: Directly to heart
  • Patient over 15kg: Widest part of chest

VETS1018 Professional Foundations (13 decks)

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