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Boat Crew > First Aid > Flashcards

First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

What is first degree burn?

A
  • Mildest outer skin layer has redness, increased warmth, tenderness, and mild pain
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2
Q

How do you treat for first degree burn?

A

Immerse in cold water until pain is gone, flush chemical burns for at least 20min, cover with sterile dressing.

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3
Q

What is a second degree burn?

A

Extend through outer and inner layers of skin, blisters characterized by severe pains, redness, and warmth

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4
Q

How do you treat a second degree burn?

A

Same as first degree burn. Don’t open any blisters, cover with dry sterile non adhesive dressing. For deep burns follow procedures for third degree burn.

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5
Q

What’s a third degree burn?

A

Penetrates full thickness of skin destroys inner and outer layers; severe pain. Pain may not occur if nerve endings are destroyed. Skin white to black. (Months to heal, scarring & skin grafts)

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6
Q

How do you treat a third degree burn?

A

Wait until the EMTs arrive.

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7
Q

What is heat cramps?

A

Painful contractions of muscles caused by depletion of salt from body fluids (excessive sweating)

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8
Q

What is heat exhaustion?

A

Too much fluid loss from sweating

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9
Q

What is heat stroke?

A

Failure to sweat; extreme elevation in body temperature

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10
Q

What are the causes of motion sickness?

A
  • Mental and physical stress
  • Rolling/pitching movement of the boat
  • Reading charts
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11
Q

What are the symptoms for heat cramps and what is the proper treatment?

A
  • Affect muscles & abdominal walls. May be severe pains, body temp may be elevated
  • Drink cool fluids ( water sport drinks) avoid 12 hours of heat. No hot packs or salt tablets
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12
Q

What are the symptoms and treatment for heat exhaustion?

A
  • Symptoms are similar to shock, collapses in the heat and sweat constantly. Sweating rules out heat stroke.
  • Remove from heat/ cool dry area, patient on back/ legs elevated, administer cool sips of water/ sports drink, treatment for shock, avoid 24hrs of heat, administer oxygen.
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13
Q

What are the symptoms and treatment for heat stroke?

A
  • headache, dizziness, disturbed vision, sudden unconsciousness, hot dry skin, contracted pupils, strong pulse convulsions, body temp: 105-109 degrees.
  • loosen clothes, seek medical help, fan victim, lay victim down w/ head/shoulders slightly elevated, immerse body in cool water/ice packs to hot spots, treat for shock.
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14
Q

What is hypothermia?

A

The condition of having an abnormally low body temperature, typically one that is dangerously low. Survival depends on blood alcohol level, clothes warn, amount of physical exertion.

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15
Q

What are some symptoms of hypothermia?

A
  • Low body temp
  • Low blood pressure
  • Slow/ weak pulse
  • Unconsciousness
  • General appearance
  • Cold skin
  • May simulate or occupy shock
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16
Q

During medical issues what is the crew responsibilities?

A
  • Treat any medical issues properly
  • Inform unit commander of situation
  • contact watch stander so they can call for emergency medical assistance.
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17
Q

What are the three types of heat related injuries?

A
  • Heat cramps
  • Heat exhaustion
  • Heat stroke
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18
Q

What are the signs of shock?

A
  • Pale skin
  • Dilated pupils
  • Weak & rapid pulse ( great than 100 beats per min)
  • respiration 16
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19
Q

What are some causes of burns?

A
  • Thermal
  • Chemical
  • Sunburn
  • Electric shock
  • Radiation
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20
Q

What is the temp for a victim to loose consciousness suffering from hypothermia?

A

78-80 degrees

21
Q

What is the basic treatment for a victim suffering from hypothermia?

A
  • Removal of wet clothes
  • Replace w/ dry clothes & blankets
  • Keep patient calm and quiet
22
Q

What happens to victim of body temp falls below 78 degrees?

A

Heart/ lung failure.

23
Q

What is air emboli?

A

Air bubbles I divers blood.

24
Q

What’s the treatment for air emboli?

A
  • EMS & relocate to nearest decompression facility.
  • Place diver on left side w/ head down & provide oxygen.
  • Treat for shock
  • History
25
Q

What is bends?

A
  • Decompression sickness (1-48hrs to appear)
  • Deep pain in muscles/joint
  • Choking/ coughing/ chest pain/ blotting of skin.
26
Q

What are the protective gear/devices a crew member must wear during medical situations?

A
  • Gloves
  • Face mask
  • Eye protection
27
Q

What is anaphylactic shock?

A

A rapid and extreme allergic reaction.

28
Q

What are some causes of anaphylactic shock?

A
  • Shellfish
  • Ingesting berries
  • Drugs
  • Insect stings
  • Dust/ pollen
  • Penicillin
29
Q

What are some signs of anaphylactic shock?

A
  • Lightheaded
  • Nausea/ vomiting
  • Fainting
  • Wheezing
  • Increased pulse rate
  • Dilated pupils
  • Diarrhea
  • Abdominal cramps
30
Q

What are some symptoms of anaphylactic shock?

A
  • Swelling of lips tongue feet throat and rash
  • wheezing coughing shortness of breath
  • vomiting diarrhea abdominal cramps
  • headaches
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Altered medical state
  • nausea
31
Q

What are some symptoms of a heart attack?

A
  • severe crushing under breast box (chest) around neck and jaw
  • profuse sweating
  • shortness of breath
  • extreme anxiety
  • nausea & vomiting
  • bluish discoloration of skin & fingernails
32
Q

What are some treatments for a heart attack?

A
  • keep victim quiet & rested
  • place victim in comfortable position
  • seek EMS immediately
  • history or medication currently taking
  • transport quickly
33
Q

What is a stroke?

A

Any bleeding or clotting affecting the blood vessels of the brain.

34
Q

What are some symptoms of a major stroke?

A
  • unconsciousness
  • shock
  • confusion
  • dizziness
  • numbness/ weakness to one side of the body
  • seizures
  • impaired vision
35
Q

What are some treatments of a stroke?

A
  • contact EMS
  • treat for shock
  • maintain open airway
  • provide rescue breathes as needed
36
Q

What are the three types of bleeding?

A

1) arterial
2) venous
3) capillary

37
Q

What’s arterial bleeding?

A

Comes from the artery. Bright red gushing blood (oxygenated blood) synchronized with pulse.

38
Q

What is venous bleeding?

A

Blood coming from veins. Slow steady oozing flow, dark red blood ( deoxygenated blood)

39
Q

What is capillary bleeding?

A

Blood from damaged capillaries (small veins).

Oozing bright red blood.

40
Q

What is the ratio of compression to rescue breaths?

A

30:2

41
Q

When do you stop conducting CPR?

A
  • when you physically cannot perform it anymore
  • when assistance with more advanced training arrives
  • person becomes conscious
  • when it becomes dangerous for you or your crew.
42
Q

What is shock syndrome?

A

A set of syndromes that occurs together

43
Q

What is shock?

A

A depressed physiological or

Method state.

44
Q

What are the causes of shock?

A
  • trauma
  • allergic reaction
  • drugs
  • toxins
  • hypothermia
  • heart attack
  • illness
  • emotional
45
Q

What are some treatments for shock?

A
  • limit mobility
  • lie down remain alert
  • provide rescue breaths as necessary
  • get medical assistance
46
Q

What are some sign of hypothermia?

A
  • shivering
  • clouded mental capacity
  • slow breathing
  • weak/ slow pulse
  • dilated pupils
  • slurred speech (may seem intoxicated
47
Q

What are some symptoms of shock?

A
  • restlessness
  • anxiousness
  • dizziness
  • weakness
  • thirst
  • fainting
  • fright
  • nausea
48
Q

What is there to know about a tourniquet?

A
  • Last resort
  • Only arms and legs
  • 2-3in above wound
  • Attach note w/ location & time
  • Never loosen it
  • Treat for shock and get medical help

Boat Crew (11 decks)

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