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FIRST AID Flashcards

1
Q

what do you call the Immediate help given before the arrival of a professional healthcare provider

A

first aid

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2
Q

true or false: in any emergency, it is important that you make decisions impulsively

A

FALSE. There must be a plan, not impulsive decisions, since it may cause more dangerous cases.

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3
Q

true or false: Prioritize the life-threatening condition first if there’s more than one casualty

A

TRUE

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4
Q

true or false: treat casualties in the position in which you find them; move them only if they are in immediate danger or if it is necessary in order to provide life-saving treatment

A

TRUE. The condition may worsen when the patient is moved immediately or when you are alone, and there is no other help.

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5
Q

what are the 6 qualities of a good first aider?

hint: acronym is GORTEC

A
  • gentle
  • observant
  • resourceful
  • tactful
  • empathy
  • careful
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6
Q

what type of wound is it if the outer layer of the skin is broken. The break in the skin can be as minor as a scrape of the surface layers or as severe as a deep penetration (puncture).

A

open wound

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7
Q

what type of wound is it if the outer layer of the skin is intact (no opening), and the damage lies below the surface

A

closed wound

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8
Q

which type of open wound is caused by a clean surface cut from a sharp-edged object such as a razor, paper, or knife.

A

simple laceration

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9
Q

caused by the blunt or ripping forces. this type of open wound may bleed less than clean surface cuts, but deep tissue damage may occur.

A

complex laceration

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10
Q

this type of open wound is superficial in which the topmost layers of skin are scraped off, leaving a raw, tender area. It is often caused by a sliding fall or a friction burn

A

abrasion (scrape)

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11
Q

A blunt blow that can rupture capillaries beneath the skin, causing blood to leak into the tissues.

A

contusion (bruise)

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12
Q

it is an Injury such as standing in a nail or being pricked by a needle will result in a puncture wound. It has a small entry site but a deep track of internal damage

A

puncture wound

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13
Q

This type of open wound is caused by a bullet or missile being driven to the body, causing serious internal injury as well as infection caused by clothing and contaminants from the air being sucked into the wound.

A

gunshot wound

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13
Q

a deep incision caused by a long or bladed instrument, usually a knife, penetrating the body.

A

stab wound

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14
Q

how do we know if the foreign object is still inside the body of the patient?

A

by counting the number of the gunshot wound or if there is an entry wound but no exit wound

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15
Q

what are the 4 Cs in the first aid management for open wounds

A
  • Control bleeding
  • Clean with soap and water
  • Cover the wound
  • Consult Physician
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16
Q

true or false: burns can only be classified according to its depth of skin damage

A

FALSE. burns may be classified according to its depth and what caused it

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17
Q

this type of burn is caused by flames and/or hot objects (such as domestic appliances or cigars)

A

dry burn

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18
Q

this type of burn is caused by steam and/or hot liquids (such as tea, coffee, or hot oil)

A

scald

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19
Q

this type of burn may be caused by a low-voltage current (as used by domestic appliances) or high-voltage current (as carried in overhead or underground cables) and lightning strike

A

electrical burn

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20
Q

this type of burn is caused by the overexposure to UV rays from a sunlamp and/or exposure to a radioactive source (ex: x-ray)

A

radiation burn

21
Q

this type of burn may be caused by industrial chemicals (including inhaled fumes and corrosive gases) and/or domestic chemicals and agents (such as paint stripper, caustic soda, weed killers, bleach, oven cleaner, or any strong acid or alkali chemical)

A

chemical burn

22
Q

this type of burn is caused by the contact with freezing metals and/or freezing vapors, such as liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen

A

cold injury

23
Q

this type of burn involves only the outermost layer of the skin, the epidermis and usually heals well if first aid is given promptly and if blisters do not form. (ex: sunburn and minor domestic incidence)

A

superficial burn

24
true or false: the casualty may only suffer one depth of burn in a single incident
FALSE. A casualty may suffer one or more depths of burn in a single accident, depending on the area exposed to the thing that caused it
25
what is the first aid for superficial burns?
- soaking the wound in cool water for 5 minutes or longer - taking acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain relief - apply lidocaine (an anesthetic) with aloe vera gel or cream to soothe the skin. - using an antibiotic ointment and loose gauze to protect the affected area.
26
what is the first aid for partial thickness burns?
- running the skin under cool water for 15 minutes or longer. - taking over-the-counter pain medication (acetaminophen or ibuprofen). - applying antibiotic cream to blisters - do not prick the blister
27
this typa burn is very painful and destroy the dermis, causing the skin to become red and blistered. It usually heals well, but if they affect more than 20% of the body in an adult and 10% in a child, they can be life-threatening.
partial thickness burn
28
this typa burn occurs when the pain sensation is lost, which masks the severity of the injury. The skin may look waxy, pale, or charred and needs urgent medical attention.
full thickness burn
29
what is the first aid for full thickness burns?
- treatments such as intravenous (IV) antibiotics to prevent infection or IV fluids to replace fluids lost when skin was burned. - skin grafting of the use of synthetic skin.
30
it is a bleeding from the nose that most commonly occurs when tiny blood vessels in the nostrils are ruptured, either by a blow to the nose, or as a result of sneezing
nosebleeds
31
true or false: when the patient is experiencing a nosebleed, tell them to tilt their head backward to prevent blood from draining
FALSE. when the patient is experiencing a nosebleed, tell them to tilt their head forward to to allow the blood to drain from the nostrils
32
what is the first aid for nosebleeds?
- Tell the casualty to sit down and tilt his head forward to allow the blood to drain from the nostrils. - Advise the casualty not to speak, swallow, cough, spit, or sniff since this may disturb blood clots that have formed in the nose. Give them a clean cloth or tissue to mop up any dribbling. - After 10 minutes, tell the casualty to release the pressure. If the bleeding has not stopped, tell them to reapply the pressure for two further periods of ten minutes. - If bleeding stops and then restarts, help the casualty reapply pressure. - If severe, or if it lasts longer than 30 minutes, arrange to take or send the casualty to the hospital.
33
a condition that occurs when the blood flow to the brain is long enough to cause damage
stroke
34
ABC stands for?
Airway Breathing Circulation
35
what is the first aid for stroke?
- Check the patient's ABC - Have the patient rest in a comfortable position - Seek immediate medical help - Do not give anything by mouth - If the patient becomes unconscious, turn on his side - Continue to monitor ABC - Care for shock
36
Sudden involuntary muscle contraction, due to uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain, caused by many different conditions.
seizure
37
what is the first aid for seizures?
- Stay calm, most seizures only last a few minutes. - Prevent injury by moving any nearby objects out of the way. - Pay attention to the length of the seizure. - Make the person as comfortable as possible. - Keep onlookers away. - Do not hold the person down. - Do not put anything in the person’s mouth. - Do not give the person water, pills, or food until the person is fully alert. - If the seizure continues for longer than 5 minutes, call 911. - Be sensitive and supportive, and ask others to the same
38
true or false: it is necessary to give someone experiencing seizure water during the attack
FALSE. Do not give the patient water, pills, or food until the patient is fully alert.
38
true or false: in seizure incidents, we transport the patient if necessary, but not during the attack
TRUE
39
A lung disease in which there is an intermittent narrowing of the bronchi (airways), causing shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing.
asthma
40
what is the first aid for asthma attacks?
- Keep calm and reassure the casualty. Get them to take their usual dose of their inhaler; use a spacer if they have one. Ask them to breathe slowly and deeply. - Sit them down in the position she finds most comfortable; do not let her lie down. - A mild attack should ease in a few minutes. If it does not, ask the casualty to take another dose from their inhaler. - Call for emergency help if the attack is severe or any of the following occur: - The inhaler has no effect -The casualty is getting worse - Breathlessness makes talking hard - They become exhausted - Help the casualty use their inhaler as required. Monitor their vital signs–level of response, breathing, and pulse.
41
true or false: help the patient experiencing asthma attack lie down
FALSE. Sit them down in the position they find most comfortable; do not let them lie down.
42
This condition occurs when the blood sugar level falls below normal. It is characterized by a rapidly deteriorating level of response
hypoglycemia
43
what to do when someone is experiencing hypoglycemia?
- Help the casualty sit down. - If they have their own glucose gel or tablets, help them take it. - If not, give them the equivalent of 10g of glucose (Ex: 8oz glass of non-diet carbonated beverage or fruit juice, two teaspoons of sugar (or two lumps of sugar), or sugary candy such as hard candies - If the casualty responds quickly, give them more food or drink and let them rest. - If the casualty’s condition does not improve, look for other possible causes. - Call 911 for emergency help and monitor and record vital signs–level of response, breathing, and pulse, while waiting for help to arrive until they feel better.
44
A break or crack in a bone. A considerable force is needed to break a bone, unless it is diseased or old
fracture
45
in this type of fracture, one of the broken bone ends may pierce the skin surface, or there may be a wound at the fracture site.
open fracture
46
in this type of fracture, the skin around the fracture is intact. However, bones may be displaced (unstable) causing internal bleeding, and the casualty may develop shock
closed fracture
47
This occurs when the broken bone ends do not move completely because they are not completely broken or they are impacted. Such injuries are common at the wrist, shoulder, ankle, and hip. Usually, these fractures can be gently handled without further damage
stable fracture
48
what to do for a closed fracture?
- Advise the casualty to keep still - Place padding around the injury for extra support - For firmer support and/or removal to the hospital is likely to be delayed, secure the injured part to an unaffected part of the body. For upper limb fractures, immobilize the arm with a sling - Treat for shock
49
what to do for an open fracture?
- Cover the wound with a sterile dressing or a large, clean, non-fluffy pad - Carefully place a sterile wound dressing or more clean padding over and around the first dressing - Secure the dressing and padding with a bandage - Immobilize the injured part for a closed fracture and arrange to transport the casualty to the hospital - Treat the casualty for shock.

WORKIMM (5 decks)

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