First Aid

Question 1

Severe bleeding

Answer 1

Arterial bleeding will spurt rhythmically and can be cherry red in colour
Venous bleeding will gush quickly and be dark red or purple in colour
Capillary bleeding will ooze slowly and be dark red in colour
Raise the injured part above the level of the heart if possible and apply direct pressure to the wound for up to 15 minutes with a clean dressing
Any foreign objects presents should not be removed
Any severed arteries can be compressed against the underlying bone for up to 15 minutes using a tourniquet

Question 2

Burns and scalds

Answer 2

A burn is caused by dry heat or corrosive chemicals or irradiation (X-rays)
A scald is a wet burn caused by steam or hot liquids
The injured parts should be placed under Coldwater for a minimum of 10 minutes to reduce blistering
Any restrictive jewellery should be removed before any swelling occurs if possible, but clothing should be left in place as it’s removal may cause tearing of the tissues

Question 3

Poisoning

Answer 3

Vomiting should not be induced
Maintain the airway
Provide good ventilation with vapours are the cause

Question 4

Electrocution

Answer 4

Isolate the electrical supply if safe and treat any surface burns and minimised the effects of clinical shock
The rescuer should not touch the casualty until the electrical source has been isolated

Question 5

Fractures

Answer 5

Prevent further tissue damage by restricting movement of the casualty
Cover any open wounds with clean dressings and control bleeding