First Aid Flashcards
State the purpose of First Aid
Apply temporary measures to save life and prevent further injury 
Cause and treatment of asphyxiation
Choking and trauma to the neck
Use the Heimlich maneuver
Describe cardiac arrest
A sudden stop of the hearts functioning
What are the two types of fractures
Open and closed
What are the causes of shock
Fluid loss: Blood loss, dehydration, and burns
Describe arterial bleeding
Bright red blood gushing/spurting out
Describe venous bleeding
Dark red in color. A steady, even flow.
Describe capillary bleeding
Dark brick red in color. Oozes out slowly.
When is direct pressure used?
Used for all types of bleeding
When is Indirect pressure used?
Used in combination with direct pressure and elevation.
An alternative method to control bleeding
How many pressure points are there?
22
11 on each side
What is a tourniquet
A constricting band placed around an arm or leg to stop bleeding 
What are the causes of shock?
Loss of blood, traumatic injuries, burns, and gunshot wounds.
What are the symptoms of shock?
Clammy skin, weak rapid pulse, thirst, and blue skin.
What are the treatments for shock?
Move casualty to cover, elevate the feet, prevent chilling/overheating, and calm the person down.
Describe electrical burns.
Electricity penetrates the skin and burns below the surface.
Describe chemical burns.
When chemicals come into contact with the skin and destroy the bodies tissue.
Describe a sucking chest wound
A penetrating injury that produces a hole in the chest cavity, causing the lung to collapse.
Describe tension pneumothorax
Air enters the chest cavity through a hole in the lung
Describe an open head injury
Exposed brain, deformed skull, possibly unconscious.
How do you first treat a head injury?
(AVPU)
A- alert
V- verbal
P- pain
I- unresponsive
Cause of hypothermia
Expose to rapidly falling temperatures
Symptoms of hypothermia
Shivering, drowsiness, unconsciousness.
Treatment of hyperthermia
Re-warm the patient, give the patient warm liquids, dry them off.
Describe frostbite
Ice crystals form inside the skin
Define heat stroke
More serious than heat exhaustion. 105 degree body temp.
Symptoms of heat stroke
Headache, nausea, dizziness.
Treatment for heat stroke
Apply cold water to the body. Move the causality to a cool place. Put them in a cold water bath.
Describe heat exhaustion
The most common condition caused by working in hot environments. Disturbance in blood flow.
Symptoms of heat exhaustion
Weakness, dizziness, headache.
Treatment for heat exhaustion
Treat as if the casualty was in shock.
What causes heat cramps
Caused by excessive sweating. And Drinking cold water too quickly.
Symptoms of heat cramps
Painful cramps in the abdomen, legs and arms.
Treatment for heat cramps
Give the casualty electrolytes.
Massage the muscle.
