First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

State the purpose of First Aid

A

Apply temporary measures to save life and prevent further injury 

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2
Q

Cause and treatment of asphyxiation

A

Choking and trauma to the neck

Use the Heimlich maneuver

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3
Q

Describe cardiac arrest

A

A sudden stop of the hearts functioning

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4
Q

What are the two types of fractures

A

Open and closed

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5
Q

What are the causes of shock

A

Fluid loss: Blood loss, dehydration, and burns

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6
Q

Describe arterial bleeding

A

Bright red blood gushing/spurting out

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7
Q

Describe venous bleeding

A

Dark red in color. A steady, even flow.

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8
Q

Describe capillary bleeding

A

Dark brick red in color. Oozes out slowly.

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9
Q

When is direct pressure used?

A

Used for all types of bleeding

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10
Q

When is Indirect pressure used?

A

Used in combination with direct pressure and elevation.

An alternative method to control bleeding

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11
Q

How many pressure points are there?

A

22

11 on each side

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12
Q

What is a tourniquet

A

A constricting band placed around an arm or leg to stop bleeding 

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13
Q

What are the causes of shock?

A

Loss of blood, traumatic injuries, burns, and gunshot wounds.

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of shock?

A

Clammy skin, weak rapid pulse, thirst, and blue skin.

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15
Q

What are the treatments for shock?

A

Move casualty to cover, elevate the feet, prevent chilling/overheating, and calm the person down.

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16
Q

Describe electrical burns.

A

Electricity penetrates the skin and burns below the surface.

17
Q

Describe chemical burns.

A

When chemicals come into contact with the skin and destroy the bodies tissue.

18
Q

Describe a sucking chest wound

A

A penetrating injury that produces a hole in the chest cavity, causing the lung to collapse.

19
Q

Describe tension pneumothorax

A

Air enters the chest cavity through a hole in the lung

20
Q

Describe an open head injury

A

Exposed brain, deformed skull, possibly unconscious.

21
Q

How do you first treat a head injury?

(AVPU)

A

A- alert
V- verbal
P- pain
I- unresponsive

22
Q

Cause of hypothermia

A

Expose to rapidly falling temperatures

23
Q

Symptoms of hypothermia

A

Shivering, drowsiness, unconsciousness.

24
Q

Treatment of hyperthermia

A

Re-warm the patient, give the patient warm liquids, dry them off.

25
Q

Describe frostbite

A

Ice crystals form inside the skin

26
Q

Define heat stroke

A

More serious than heat exhaustion. 105 degree body temp.

27
Q

Symptoms of heat stroke

A

Headache, nausea, dizziness.

28
Q

Treatment for heat stroke

A

Apply cold water to the body. Move the causality to a cool place. Put them in a cold water bath.

29
Q

Describe heat exhaustion

A

The most common condition caused by working in hot environments. Disturbance in blood flow.

30
Q

Symptoms of heat exhaustion

A

Weakness, dizziness, headache.

31
Q

Treatment for heat exhaustion

A

Treat as if the casualty was in shock.

32
Q

What causes heat cramps

A

Caused by excessive sweating. And Drinking cold water too quickly.

33
Q

Symptoms of heat cramps

A

Painful cramps in the abdomen, legs and arms.

34
Q

Treatment for heat cramps

A

Give the casualty electrolytes.
Massage the muscle.