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Prelim PDHPE > FIRST AID > Flashcards

FIRST AID Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main priority when addressing a first aid situation?

A

minimising the harm to:
• yourself
• bystanders
• the casualty.

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2
Q

What does DRSABCD stand for?

A

Danger, Response, Send for help, Airways, Breathing, CPR and Defib

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3
Q

What does ‘danger’ mean?

A

Check for dangers and hazards to the rescuer, bystanders and the casualty.

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4
Q

What does ‘response’ mean?

A

Assess the level of consciousness of the casualty.

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5
Q

What does ‘send for help’ mean?

A

Call triple 000, or dial 112 if using a mobile phone, for an ambulance or ask another person to make the call.

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6
Q

What does ‘airways’ mean?

A

Open, clear and maintain the casualty’s airway. Check for signs of life.

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7
Q

What does ‘breathing’ mean

A

Look, listen, feel. If breathing, place in the recovery position. If not, place on back and start CPR.

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8
Q

What does ‘CPR’ mean?

A

Give chest compressions followed by rescue breaths at a ratio of 30:2. (one third of the chest cavity or 5cm)

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9
Q

What does ‘Defibrilation’ mean?

A

Where possible, ensure a defibrillator is utilised as quickly as possible. Following the voice prompts, shocking the heart into rhythm.

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10
Q

What is the STOP regime?

A

Stop
Talk
Observe
Prevent further injury.

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11
Q

When is the STOP regime used?

A

When there is no danger to life, assessing injuries and damage

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12
Q

What does the S in STOP mean?

A

Stop
Stopping any movement from casualty
Seated or laid in a comfortable position

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13
Q

What does the T in STOP mean?

A

What happened? Where it hurts. How it feels

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14
Q

What does the o in STOP mean?

A

Observe casualties physical state

Establish whether the casualty can stand or walk

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15
Q

What does the P in STOP mean/

A

Treat the injury as required
Direct the casualty to medical assistance
Do not move casualty if it will cause further injury

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16
Q

What does the RICER acronym stand for?

A
  • Rest
  • Ice
  • Compression
  • Elevation
  • Referral
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17
Q

CRISIS MANAGEMENT

A

difhdsif

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18
Q

(Crisis management) Bleeding

A

Pressure, elevation, rest, observe wound to see what has been damaged (artery-bright red,spurt, vein- darker and flow is not as forceful. capillary- it will tend to ooze.

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19
Q

What is shock?

A

Body closes off blood supply to the extremities (paleness, weak rapid pulse, breathing issues, nausea fainting

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20
Q

(Crisis management) Shock

A

Follow DRSABCD, reassure the patient, keep comfortable and dress any wounds or burns, if there’s no injury raise limbs above their heart, no food or drink, keep clothes loose

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21
Q

(Crisis Management) Spinal injury

A

Immobilise patient, manage for shock, stabilise neck by holding head straight or use neck brace, if casualty stops breathing this must be attended to straight away, monitor casualty, don’t move them, if they’re unconscious use DRSABCD, minimise neck movement

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22
Q

What is a spinal injury?

A

Injury to the back or spine
The signs and symptoms of a neck or spinal injury are:
• pain at or below the site of the injury
• loss of movement
• lack of movement below the site of the injury
• tingling in the hands or feet.

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23
Q

What are burns? (Crisis management)

A

Damage to skin caused by heat, scalding- water heat, burns- dry heat
Dont apply anything, just cold water depending on the severity, remove clothing unless it is stuck to the burn

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24
Q

How to move a casualty?

A

• Work through the DRSABCD regime.
tell them what you intend doing. Seek their help when you move them.
• Ensure that fractures have been immobilised and other injuries such as burns or punctures treated.
• If you need to lift the injured person, use your leg muscles and keep your back straight.
• Hold the patient firmly and communicate
• Stop as often as is necessary.
• Minimise movement of the neck and spinal cord.

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25
Q

When should a casualty be sent to the hospital?

A

• the patient was unconscious at some stage
• conditions such as a heart attack or spinal injury were suspected.
CPR was required

26
Q

What are the signs, symptoms and management of cuts and abrasions?

A

abrasions- scraped skin caused by a
fall on a hard surface (cleanse and sterile, dressing)
open wounds-incisions and lacerations (DRSABCD, pressure, cleanse, dressing, medical)
penetrating wounds- bullet etc (pressure, control bleeding, clean, dressing, medical, don’t remove object)

27
Q

What are the signs, symptoms and management of fractures?

A 
broken bones (closed, open, complication)
symptoms- noise, pain, swelling deformity, loss of power and movement
m- DRABCD, control any bleeding, immobilise with a sling or splint, treat for shock, seek medical attention
28
Q

What are the signs, symptoms and management of dislocations?

A

toi-bone is dislodged from joint
sas-swelling, discolouration, pain, deformity, tenderness
m-DRSABCD, support, ice, elevate, medical attention

29
Q

What are the signs, symptoms and management of head injuries and concussions?

A

sas- blurred vision, memory loss, heachache, pupil size change, bleeding from ears and abnormal responses
m-DRSABCD, support head and neck, keep airway open, lateral position, no pressure to head, seek medical attention

30
Q

What are the signs, symptoms and management of eye injuries?

A

sas- irritation to eye, watering, redness, pain to eyee and inability to open eyes fully or at all
m- don’t rub or remove objects, lay lateral, cover eyes, seek medical attention

31
Q

What are the signs, symptoms and management of nasal injuries?

A

sas- pain, swelling, deformity, brusiing
m- breathe through the mouth, don’t blow nose, assure sitting position with head and shoulders leaning forward, seek medical attention, pressure on the soft part of nose

32
Q

What are the signs, symptoms and management of burns?

A

sas- severe swelling, redness blistering and shock
m- remove casualty from danger, DRSABCD, cold running water, remove jewellery and clothing and don’t break any blisters or apply creams

33
Q

What are the signs, symptoms and management of teeth injuries?

A

sas- bleeding from the mouth, dislodged tooth
m- keep tooth in place, milk or saliva, seek medical attention, ensure hygiene and medical attention needs to be seen to keep the tooth

34
Q

What are the signs, symptoms and management of electrocution?

A

sas- unconsciousness, wires may be visible, burning, numbness, tingling
m- DRSABCD, cool burnt area under running water, seek urgent medical attention

35
Q

What are the signs, symptoms and management of chest injuries?

A

sas-pain when breathing and coughing, tenderness when touched, boor breathing
m-place in a comfortable position, encourage shallow breathing

36
Q

What are the signs, symptoms and management of abdominal injuries?

A

sas- shock, pain in the region, nausea and vomiting, difficulty breathing
m- DRSABCD, loosen clothing, lie on back, seek attention, nil by mouth

37
Q

What are different examples of slings?

A

Triangular bandage, arm sling, collar and cuff, elevation sling, immobilsation bandage

38
Q

What are the sas and m of a stroke?

A

blockage of blood to brain
-slurred speech, blurred vision, pupils are irregular, loss of movement, possible seizures, loss of consciousness

-DRSABCD, seek help

39
Q

What are the sas and m of diabetes?

A

hypoglycemia- rapid pulse, sweating, trembling, hunger, aggression, dizziness (DRSABCD, don’t attempt to give glucose, it conscious administer glucose, medical help)
hyperglycemia- rapid pulse, drowsiness, this, acetone, urination

40
Q

What are the sas and m of a seizure?

A

vacant, absent, rigid body, thight jaw, mouth frothing, loss of bladder control, consciousness (DRSABCD, lateral recovery position, remove dangerous objects, pulse, medical help)

41
Q

What are the sas and m of asthma?

A

chest tightness, sweating and paleness, fast, shallow breathing, hunched posture, laboured breathing, increase pulse, wheezing (reassure, medication, breathing, water, controlled breathing, medical help)

42
Q

What are the sas and m of anaphylaxis?

A

breath difficulties, swollen tongue and face, difficulty talking, swelling or tightness in the throat, lack of consciousness, wheeze, gibes, vomit, abdominal pain (DRSABCD, remove rigger, management plan , epi pen, medical assistance)

43
Q

What are the sas and m of poisons?

A

headache, blurred vision, vomiting, breathing difficulty, drowsiness, abdominal pain, tight chest, skin change, nausea (DRSABCD, don’t induce vomiting depending on the substance, seek attention if corrosive give milk or water)

44
Q

What are the sas and m of , snakebites?

A

puncture marks, headaches, double vision, rapid pulse, tightness in chest, faintness and sweating (DRSABCD, rest, pressure the patient, apply a pressure immobilization at the site, don’t elevate, call for help)

45
Q

spiders

A

if u have time

46
Q

What are the sas and m of heat exhaustion?

A

rapid weak pulse, clammy, pale skin, headaches, dizziness, thirst, fatigue, dilated pupils, lack of coordination (DRSABCD, rest in cool, shaded area, cool water, ice, medical assistance)

47
Q

What are the sas and m of heatstroke?

A

disorientation, unconsciousness, hot dry skin, lack of sweat, rapid breathing, cardiac and respiratory arrests, fatigue, body temp increase (DRSABCD, shade, medical help, water, wet towels)

48
Q

What are the sas and m id hypothermia?

A

shivering, weak pulse, slurred speech, slow response to instructions, shallow breathing (DRSABCD, protection from the elements and rain, remove wet clothing, warm fluids, don’t use electric blankets and hot water, medical attention)

49
Q

Physical environment considerations (traffic accidents)

A

oncoming traffic, electrical wires, fuel, fire-parking a vehicle between traffic and hazard lights, turn off ignition, lighting area if at night, send for help, assess dangers, DRSABCD, dont remove casualty unless there is evidence of increasing shock or obstruction to airways, fire, bleeding

50
Q

Physical environment considerations (water environment)

A

aware of limitations such as swimming ability, hazardous objects, rips and currents, water temperature, dragging rescuer- sending for help, self preservation, branches ropes, floatation devices, care

51
Q

Physical environment considerations (electricity)

A

cause electrocution, burns, instant death- be aware of electricity, no water, examine situation, don’t touch cars or objects that are in contact with fallen power lines, power off at source, non conducting material to move

52
Q

What is infection control during first aid?

A

Risk of cross infection during CPR recovery breaths and managing wounds
(cold, influenza, COVID, HIV/AIDS, glandular fever, hepatitis, chicken pox)

53
Q

How do you prevent HIVAIDS transmission during first aid?

A

Cover open wounds, disposable gloves, eye protection, sterilsation, CPR with a mouthshield or without the breaths, capable of treating themselves,

54
Q

How do you prevent Hepatitis A B C during first aid?

A

Clean needles and equipment, clean any blood or bodily fluids with care, disposable gloves, sanitise, cover wounds, wear a face mask or mouth shield, don’t share equipment from casualty to casualty

55
Q

What is the Good Samaritan Clause?

A

If the person lending assistance does so in good will, and without fraud, collusion, participation in the injury or expectation of monetary rewards, they are exempt from legal action. If their ability to administer aid was impacted by alcohol or drugs is different.

56
Q

What is a duty of care and how are the legal implications different to a random witness?

A

Sufficient relationship- teacher owes a duty of care to students, employer to employee, driver to passengers and other road users. They have responsibility for their safety and first aid.

57
Q

What is consent and touch?

A

If possible, must provide consent before first aid, if they are unconscious, consent is assumed, parents must provide consent for their children unless there is risk of life

58
Q

What is common sense versus heroics

A

Prevention of personal injury, don’t try and be a hero, asses situation properly

59
Q

What is debriefing?

A

obtaining information about the circumstances of the incident that resulted in aid being administered (take time to ensure full picture is gathered, accurate descriptions, impartiality)

60
Q

What is counselling?

A

providing emotional professional support where there were fatalities and serious distressing injuries to witnesses and aiders., helps prevent serious mental issues, blame and regret of administer

Prelim PDHPE (4 decks)

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