Firefighter Safety & Survival Flashcards
Firefighters should prioritize self-care because fireground survival begins
at home
Firefighters must incorporate regular workouts into their routine including both
weightlifting and cardio exercises
Firefighters use these skills and techniques to escape and survive a life-threatening situation without assistance from others
Self-rescue and survival skills
The ability to identify, process, and comprehend critical information related to the events of an ongoing situation
Situational awareness
In stressful situations individuals rely on
learned behaviors
To bolster resilience firefighters can draw on evidence-based stress-reduction methods that are in four main categories
Positive mental mindset
Breathing control
Visualization
Goal setting & Segmenting
By consciously shifting thoughts from _____ to _______ firefighters can bolster their mental strength
negative, positive
Signs of serious stress include
Increased heart rate
rapid breathing
feelings of panic
Tactic breathing, a 4-count box breathing technique involves the following steps
- Inhale for 4 sec
- Hold for 4 sec
- Exhale for 4 sec
- Repeat
Mayday incidents occur in residential environments
42.6%
Mayday incidents occur in commercial environments
42%
Maydays happen within the first 15-20 minutes
13.7%
Maydays happen between 30-35 minutes
21%
When no 360 lap is performed the likelihood of a mayday is _____ %
56%
The first unit on the scene is most likely to call a Mayday ____ %
55%
The most common unit to call a Mayday (56%) is
engine company
The second most common unit to call a Mayday (42%) is
truck company
What percentage of Mayday events occurred before a RIT was formally established
36%
What is the order of likelihood for a Mayday firefighter rescue
- Self rescue (35%)
- Mayday firefighter crew (26%)
- Adjacent interior crew (25%)
- RIT (7%)
On average, 1 out of ____ activations, the initial RIT had a Mayday situation of their own
10
In over _____ of Mayday incidents (21.1%), firefighters found themselves either lost without a hoseline or separated from it during operations
1/5
Nearly _____ of Maydays (19.3%) involved SCBA issues including low-air and facepiece problems
1/5
Low air defined by firefighters exiting with less than
500 psi (47.4%)
A typical 5,500 psi 45min cylinder holds about 1,800 liters of air, lasting approximately _____ min
12
Due to incomplete 360 lap floor collapse or falls through a hole account for _____ %
20.1%
Around ______ % of Maydays occurred when firefighters fell through roof
15%
What percent of firefighter entanglements or trapped without self extrication
9.6%
Medical maydays account for what percent of maydays
4.3%
What encompasses phenomena such as flashover, backdraft, smoke explosion
Rapid fire events
Emphasizing the importance of self-rescue and survival should begin when
At the onset of a firefighter’s career
What does EBSS stand for
Emergency Breathing Support Systems
When activate, PASS devices emit an audible warning tone of at least ______ dB
95
What does UAC stand for
Universal Air Connection
Using the UAC the transfer time is takes
30-60 seconds
What should be engaged prior to starting your mayday transmission
Emergency activation (EA) button
Mayday transmission should include the following information:
- “Mayday, Mayday, Mayday”
- Unit number and riding position of the member making the transmission
- Name of the member experiencing the Mayday
- Mayday firefighter’s location
- Nature of the Mayday
PAR stands for
Personnel Accountability Report
If command has not been established who should acknowledge the Mayday call
Responding 1st due Battalion Chief
If command and 1st due BC have not acknowledged the Mayday who should acknowledge it
Dispatch Center
What should be done after the Mayday transmission
Activation of the PASS device
What can draw attention to the lost firefighter’s location
Wall sounding
SCBA’s typically activate a low-air alarm at around _____ % of cylinder volume
33%
Using the Reilly emergency breathing technique firefighters inhale as they normally would. On exhalation they would
Hum their breath out in a slow, consistent manner
The typical breath cycle usually spans
4-6 seconds
Using Reilly breathing the breath cycle lasts approx
12 seconds
What air maneuver requires the firefighter to get as low to the ground as possible and gently break the face piece seal by using thumbs
Hoover maneuver
The purpose of a wall breach is to facilitate what
An exit from a high-hazard area into a lower hazard environment
If needing to remove the SCBA to get through a wall it is important to keep the SCBA on what side of the body
Left side
What technique allows a firefighter to exit a hazardous area by ascending the gypsum board
Drywall Kick & Climb
Members of engine companies should advance hoselines in a
Ready to Flow stance
When deploying a ladder to a firefighter in a window-hang position, personnel should place the ladder tips where
Between the upper body and the wall
The two-armed hand-and-drop is a method of escape from upper-story windows and reduces the height of the fall to approx
6-8 feet
