Engine Company Ops Flashcards
A small wall mounted safe that holds building keys for retrieval by fire departments during emergency situations
Knox box
Occurs when all surfaces and objects within a space have been heated to their ignition temperature and simultaneously combust
Flashover
Is an explosion that occurs when oxygen enters an oxygen-deficient smoldering fire
Backdraft
Backdraft conditions typically exist during what stage of fire
Decay stage
Takes place when pressure from the fire area pushes heated gases into uninvolved areas causing flames to present in layers of smoke
Rollover
Occurs when fire gases separate into layers according to temperature. The gases with the highest temperature move to the top layers, and the cooler gases move to the bottom layers
Stratification
A fire’s heat release rate is the amount of energy the fire releases over time
Heat release rate
RECEO VS stands for
Rescue
Exposure
Confinement
Extinguishment
Overhaul
Ventilation
Salvage
Personnel must be ______ and ______ prepared when reporting to the fire station for duty.
Mentally , Physically
Examples of information that should be communicated to oncoming shift members include:
Street closings
out-of-service hydrants
inoperative standpipe or sprinkler system
equipment deficiencies
What represents an essential component of operational competence
Training
Under stressful situations cognitive processes often transition from classical decision making to what
Naturalistic decision making
What decision making process has the decision maker following a step-by-step logical sequence to reach the best decision
Classical
What decision making process results from an intuitive reaction to a problem?
Naturalistic
The naturalistic decision maker quickly chooses actions based on successful past choices is called what
Recognition-primed decision making
Fire service training falls into what three categories
Self-study
Company training
Multi-unit training
Training officers should conduct multi-unit training how often?
Quarterly basis
The Fire Tetrahedron consists of what
Oxygen
Fuel
Heat
Chain Reaction
The four stages of fire growth are
Incipient
Growth
Fully developed
Decay
Rollover takes place during what stage of fire
Growth
Rollover is a warning that the fire area may be reaching the point of what
Flashover
Refers to the point when all surfaces and objects within a space reach their ignition temperature and simultaneously ignite
Flashover
What stage begins when the available oxygen can no longer support combustion
Decay
Is an explosive event caused by the introduction of oxygen into an oxygen-deficient, high-heat, smoldering fire
Backdraft
Backdraft conditions typically exist during what stage of a fire
Decay
In building construction what materials include man-made materials
Modern
In building construction what materials include natural materials such as cotton, wicker, solid wood and dimensional lumber
Legacy
What is referred to as a collection of airborne particulates and gases emitted when a material combusts and the quantity of air these particulates and gases entrain and mix into call
Smoke
Smoke leaving a structure has four inherent characteristics which are:
Volume
Velocity
Density
Color
The volume of smoke leaving a structure indicates what
The amount of fuel that is “off-gassing” within a given space
The velocity (speed) of smoke leaving a structure provides insight into what
The fire’s location relative to the smoke exhaust point
Viewed from outside a building, slow-moving smoke indicates the seat of the fire is where?
Remote from the exhaust point
Viewed from outside a building, fast-moving smoke indicates the fire is where?
Close to the exhaust point
What refers to the thickness of the emission and how much fuel is laden in the smoke
Density
The greater the smoke density, the higher the likelihood for what
A hostile fire event such as a flashover or rapid-fire spread
What colors are typically observed with smoke
White
Grey
Brown
Black
A fire’s incipient stage typically produces ______ smoke as the fuel off-gases moisture and water vapor
White
Can indicate slowing fire growth as the availability of fuel decreases
Grey
Smoke that signals an underventilated fire
Brown or black
Smoke that can indicate that a fully developed fire is feeding off a wood fuel source
Brown
Smoke that typically signifies heavy fuel loads that are not being fully consumed
Black
What articulates the general plan or course of action taken to reach the objectives
Strategy
What involves the specific actions employed to fulfill the strategy
Tactics
When does size-up begin
With receipt of the alarm and continues throughout the incident
Officers should train their personnel to develop and maintain what
Situational Awareness
What represents the primary focus of any incident
Rescue
The primary goal of the exposure line is to do what
Minimize fire spread and stay ahead of the fire
What is by far the most effective way to quickly mitigate an incident because it eliminates or improves all of the other fireground obstacles
Extinguishment
What involves a systematic look at the entire fire scene to ensure no further traces of fire exist
Overhaul
What on the fireground can represent one of the most dangerous and important tasks firefighters perform
Ventilation
Salvage is
Property conservation
The two modes of operation at a fire are
Offensive Mode & Defensive Mode
Involves taking direct action to mitigate a problem
Offensive Mode
This mode prevents damage to the area around a structure
Defensive Mode
What sets the foundation for incident management
Size-up
During a 360-degree lap of the structure what can help determine the location and intensity of the fire
Thermal imaging camera
What is not a good indicator of a fire’s location
Smoke volume
Crews operating on the interior should occasionally stop and hold their breath for several seconds and listen for what
The sounds of the fire
VSP is a term that the fire service has used for many years and stands for
Victim Survivability Profiling
NFPA suggested that the upper range of temperature tenability for humans is approximately what
212 degrees F
A carbon monoxide density of approximately 200,000 parts per million renders the human body unconscious within
4-12 seconds
Earth’s atmosphere contains 21% oxygen. Percentages of less than ____ rapidly result in death
10%
Besides carbon monoxide another toxic fire gas is
cyanide
What does “CAN” mean
Conditions
Actions
Needs
When officers make a strategic change from offensive to defensive mode or vice versa it is called what
Transition
A ______ involves the coordinated and specific relocation of units and their equipment from an area deemed untenable to a specific area deemed safe for continued operations
Withdrawal
Upon ordering a withdrawal, Command should do what
Perform a personnel accountability report
An emergency evacuation differs from a withdrawal because the emergency evacuation has
A higher degree of urgency
When the first-arriving engine drops a supply line at a hydrant before arriving at the incident location
Forward Lay
When the first-arriving engine drops a line at an intersection and directs the next-arriving engine to continue to the hydrant on the second street
Split Lay
When the second-arriving engine drops supply line at the first-arriving engine and proceeds to the hydrant
Reverse Lay
Most residential fires require a fire flow rate of between ______ and ______ gpm.
100, 200
A 2.5” hoseline is typically appropriate for fires where
Commercial buildings
Exterior attacks
exposure protection
A 2.5” hoseline achieves flows ranging from _____ to _______ GPM
200, 325
Stretching and advancing a 2.5” hoseline often requires _____ companies and up to ______ firefighters
2, 6
The process of determining the needed length of hose is called
Estimating the stretch
A fast and effective method of estimating the stretch involves the following formula
Setback + width of building + length of building + 1/2 length (25ft) per floor + 1 length at the point of attack
What refers to the distance from an engine company to the fire building’s entrance?
Setback
The average residential roadway width is ____ feet
12
The modern single-vehicle driveway is approximately _____ ft wide by ______ ft long
12, 25
The average sedan or sport utility vehicle is approximately ___ ft wide by ____ ft long
6, 15
Personnel should estimate the need for ____ ft of hoseline to reach every floor above or below the level of entry
25
To finish an Accordion Forward the nozzle firefighter should grab
The nozzle and halfway point of the shoulder load and advance forward
If you have a dirty hallway full of smoke where should you deploy your standpipe line?
The hallway below the fire floor
All companies must ensure the primary hoseline is in place and progressing before
deploying any other hoselines
Firefighters must _______ all doors through which they stretch dry hoselines
chock
The preferred method to chock doors is ____ so personnel can quickly remove chocks while retreating under advancing fire conditions
low
Generally 1.75” hoselines can deliver
150-200 gpm
Generally 2.5” hoselines can deliver
250-330 gpm
2” hoselines are considered intermediate-sized hoseline that delivers flows between
200-250 gpm
Tiny water droplets convert to steam with an expansion ratio of ___:____ at _____degrees F
1700:1, 212
If extending a dry hoseline, engine company members should do what?
Remove the entire nozzle assembly
Smoothbore nozzle pressure for handlines is normally ____ psi while adequate handline pressure is ___-____
50, 40-60
Master stream smoothbore nozzle pressure is
80 psi
The maximum nozzle reaction that advancing and operating firefighters can handle effectively for 1 firefighter is
60lbf
The maximum nozzle reaction that advancing and operating firefighters can handle effectively for 2 firefighters is
75lbf
The maximum nozzle reaction that advancing and operating firefighters can handle effectively for 3 firefighters is
95lbf
A master stream is any stream flowing _____ gpm or more
350
When advancing engine companies encounter a significant smoke condition and heat, regardless of visible flame, they should do what
Apply a solid or straight stream to the area overhead and in front
If the nozzle firefighter opens the hoseline within ___-____ sec, the temperature will not return to the levels present prior to suppression efforts
10-15
A fire stream applied at a _____ angle will distribute the water across the greatest area of ceiling
steep
When applying fire streams from the exterior into a compartment without an intact ceiling, firefighters can apply the fire stream where?
To the lintel over a window
This refers to the process of removing smoke and heat from a structure’s interior through fire-stream air entrainment
Hydraulic ventilation
Traditional hydraulic ventilation indicate the nozzle should be ____ ft away from the ventilation outlet with a wide fog stream covering ____% of the ventilation opening
2, 80
UL fire-stream experiments showed that a ______ fog pattern moved in an “___” pattern as far from the opening as possible moves a comparable amount of air as positive pressure ventilation fans
narrow, O
Before advancing after a direct attack, firefighter should do what to avoid firefighter injury
Sweep the floor with a stream to cool embers and other hot materials
The two types of attack methods are
Direct & Indirect
When using both direct and indirect attack methods is called
Combination attack
This involves using an exterior master stream to knock down the main body of fire
Blitz Attack
Firefighter responsible for deploying hoseline
nozzle fireman
Firefighter responsible for hose handling, fire behavior observation, room control
Backup fireman
What must be eliminated to ensure accurate fire flow and advancement
kinks
To maintain correct body position, the backup firefighter should
Rest on one knee with their leading leg out front and their head up
The backup firefighter should maintain an “___” formation in the hoseline
S
The engine company driver’s ultimate responsibility is
the safe delivery of personnel to and from the scene
When the water tank reaches _______ capacity, the driver must communicate this finding to the ______.
half, officer
The primary elements of communication relayed by the first-arriving engine officer pertain to:
water supply instructions
on-scene report
situation report
command statement
Who serves as the IC by default until Command can be formally established
1st due engine company officer
After the engine officer has completed a size-up they must make a command statement. The two options are:
- request to transfer command
- establish command
If the engine officer finds the entrance door to the structure open they should do what
Close it to control the flow path
After personnel have extinguished the main body of fire, the engine officer should do what
Order the nozzle shut down so any remaining fire will light up
Firefighters can shorten response times by
quickly turning out for responses
To eliminate complacent behaviors, personnel responding to fire alarms should prepare as if responding
to a confirmed building fire
Personnel should check the fire alarm or annunciator panel and verify
the location
type
number of alarms activated
