Firearms and Tool Marks Flashcards

1
Q

Shot Gun

A

has a long, thin, smooth barrel

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2
Q

Land

A

part of a bullet or bore that is raised

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3
Q

gunshot residue

A

gases, soot, unburned or partially burned gunpowder released when a shot is fired

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4
Q

tool mark

A

any cut, scrape, impression, gouge, scratch, indentation or other mark left on an object or surface at a crime scene

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5
Q

semi-autmatic

A

gun that fires a single round with a trigger pull and reloads itself

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6
Q

caliber

A

the diameter of the bore or bullet

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7
Q

shot

A

numerous round metal pellets

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8
Q

smokeless

A

is the most common type of gunpowder used in ammunition today

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9
Q

gunpowder

A

highly flammable material that pushes the projectile out of the gun barrel

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10
Q

handgun

A

has a short, rifled barrel

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11
Q

made up of a case, primer, powder, and bullet

A

cartridge

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12
Q

microscopic markings left on the surface of a bullet

A

striations

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13
Q

made up of a casing, shot, wad, powder and primer

A

shell

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14
Q

groove

A

part of a bullet or bore that is pressed in

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15
Q

spiral grooves impressed into the barrel of a firearm

A

rifling

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16
Q

rifles

A

has a long, thick rifled barrel

17
Q

primer

A

substance that ignites the gunpowder after being struck by the firing pin

18
Q

crime lab firearm identification units provide knowledge on

A

operation of all types of weapons
recognition, of different types of ammunition
detection and characterization of gunpowder residue

19
Q

polygonal rifling

A

land and groove edges look rounded, older

20
Q

the trigger is pulled, causing the firing pin to strike the primer, then

A

the primer ignites the gunpowder inside the cartridge and the burning gunpowder produces gases which create pressure to propel the bullet through the barrel

21
Q

caliber

A

diameter

22
Q

to measure the land and groove characteristics you look at the

A

width, number, and twist

23
Q

breechface striations are

A

results from contact with the rear wall of the firing chamber

24
Q

firing impresssions

A

marked upon primer when the cartridge is stuck, shape is indented in the primer, rim of cartridge case

25
Q

extractor markings

A

usually found in a striated form, a hook that is used to remove a cartridge or cartridge case from the chamber of a firearm.

26
Q

ejector marks

A

shape impressed on the head stamp of cartridge case when pushed

27
Q

National integrated ballistic information network (NIBW)

A

database of digital microscopic images of spent bullets and cartridge casings from crime scenes or test fired

28
Q

Contact point black

A

muzzle of gun is touching victims skin or clothing, visible around bullet hole, tears in fabric, skin

29
Q

close range

A

less than 6 inches, GSR can be embedded around bullet hole, pattern small and dense, pattern increases w distance

30
Q

medium range

A

gun is 1.5-3 ft from target

31
Q

long distance

A

greater than 5 ft

32
Q

compression indentation

A

produced by pressing an object against softer surface

33
Q

sliding/ abrasion

A

when surfaces slide

scratches and striations

34
Q

cutting marks

A

along edge of surface as it is cut

35
Q

bullet wipe

A

The discolored area on the immediate edge of a bullet hole, caused by bullet lubricant, lead, smoke, bore debris, or possibly jacket material.