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PFA ODs > Fire Suppression > Flashcards

Fire Suppression Flashcards

1
Q

1st Alarm Structure Fire

  • First arriving PFA unit or member:
A
  • Establish command
  • Conduct size-up
  • Develop Strat goals and tact obj
  • Communicate the IAP
  • Ensure orders and assignments are understood
  • Engage
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2
Q

1st Alarm Structure Fire

  • Initial arrival report:
A
  • Size
  • Height
  • Occupancy type or common name
  • Condition (NS, SS, WF)
  • Immediate needs
  • Actions (360, stretching line, command only)
  • Assume, announce, position command *announce “alpha side”
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3
Q

1st Alarm Structure Fire

  • Follow up report:
A
  • 360 Complete report
  • Update description/conditions (basement, location of fire, and safety concerns)
  • Update actions: “pulling attack line”
  • Update needs: more resources
  • Determine and announce Strategy: offensive/defensive
  • Pause for feedback
  • Assignments
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4
Q

1st Alarm Structure Fire

  • Command Transfer
A
  • Upon arrival, BC announces arrival and confirms assignments and IAP by contacting IC
  • BC reviews IAP, the BC or second IC announces that he is taking command and confirms strategy
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5
Q

1st Alarm Structure Fire

  • Specific Considerations:
A
  • 1st arriving - pull past
  • IC determines the appropriate strategy based on critical fire ground factors (life safety, access, building occupancy, arrangement, resources, special hazards)
  • Before entry, IC considers immediate rescue, location and stage of fire, and available resources for 2 out
  • If change in IAP results in change of risk profile, the IC should communicate the change
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6
Q

1st Alarm Structure Fire

  • 2nd arriving engine’s responsibilities:
A
  • Perform Reset
  • Deploying attack lines
  • Water supply
  • Supply standpipe, sprinkler, or master streams
  • “Two-out” crew
  • Officer should be prepared to assume command
  • Division/Group should be given to the second arriving officer
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7
Q

1st Alarm Structure

  • 3rd arriving engine’s responsibilities:
A
  • Any of the responsibilities outlined for the second-in

- RIC

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8
Q

1st Alarm Structure Fire

  • Support Ops responsibilities:
A
  • Forcible entry
  • Search & Rescue
  • Anti-vent &/or door control
  • Laddering the building
  • Vent
  • Salvage and overhaul
  • Assist w/ fire cause determination
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9
Q

Two In/Two Out

  • SHALL apply to all offensive fires except:
A
  • Incipient stage fire
  • “Known rescue”
  • Fought from non-IDLH
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10
Q

Fire Ground Vent

  • Actions FFs can take to prevent a rapid fire progression:
A
  • Maintain control of the door to isolate the fire
  • Control ventilation of Windows
  • Get sufficient water on the fire ASAP and into the gas layers
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11
Q

Vent Size-Up

A
  • Primary purpose (vent for search or vent for extinguishment)
  • Wind direction
  • Location of smoke or fire - vent limited
  • Is vent needed? What type? Where?
  • Where are victims most likely located?
  • Where are FFs located and are they ready for vent?
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12
Q

Vent Tactics

  • Anti-vent is optimum strategy where?
A
  • A hose line is not in position
  • Vent openings may spread fire into roof spaces
  • A vent limited fire might advance towards a rapid fire progression event
  • A clear reason to open has yet to be identified
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13
Q

Hose lines SHALL be defined by:

A
  • Attack lines
  • Two-out line
  • Exposure line
  • Back-up line
  • Overhaul line
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14
Q

Hose lines Offensive Strategy

A
  • Support fire attack and primary search
  • Reset when vent limited fire conditions exists and the fire is self vented
  • Control and extinguish the fire
  • Placed between fire and exposed occupants
  • Control means of egress (hallways, stairways)
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15
Q

Hose lines

Defensive:

A
  • Size and location depends on available water supply
  • Protect exposures and limit fire spread
  • Confine and extinguish the fire to the building of origin
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16
Q

Search

  • Methods of protecting search crews:
A
  • Recognizing and mitigating of vent-limited conditions (i.e. Reset)
  • ID & control flow paths
  • Position hose lines to protect search
  • Establish two-out crew ASAP
  • ID & hardening alternative means of egress
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17
Q

Initial deployment of RIC(s)

  • Critical safety tasks to be evaluated:
A
  • Egress means are established and maintained
  • Secondary means of egress are ID, unlocked, or easily opened
  • Ground ladders are placed to Windows above 1st floor
  • Adequate two-out line is in place
  • Second ladder is placed to roof during roof ops
  • Utilities are secured
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18
Q

RIC(s) for special ops

A
  • High rise fires: should be assigned to the staging area, lobby, or other appropriate location
  • Specialized rescue: truck, USAR, or support personnel
  • Hazmat: techs may be assigned
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19
Q

Lost or trapped FFs

  • Situational awareness and practice self- survival techniques
A
  • Be assigned to a group/division or crew lead
  • Have an assignment or objective
  • Keep crew intact with radio
  • Wear PPE & practice air management
  • Keep crews in visual, voice, or touch
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20
Q

Calling a May Day

A
  • Activate May Day pressing bob, mayday x3, and NUCAN
  • Command repeats NUCAN
  • Command should transmit emergency tone followed by brief description on tactical channel
  • Deploy RIC & ensure NUCAN was received
  • Command should consider rescue group sup
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21
Q

Command’s May Day response

SHALL accomplish 7 actions:

A
  • Transmit situational brief on tactical channel
  • Deploy RIC
  • Consider rescue group sup and separate safety officer
  • Incorporate rescue effort into IAP
  • Order additional resources
  • PAR: command must have this info before rescue plan is fully developed
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22
Q

IC’s additional considerations during May Day

A
  • Do not abandon the FF position unless necessary
  • A second RIC for entire incident
  • Additional safety officer
  • Control access and prevent unassigned entries
  • Watch structural stability
  • Consider aides for IC & rescue group sup
  • Anticipate additional ambulances
23
Q

Water Supply

Areas with hydrants “urban”

A
  • Usually 2nd or 3rd engine
  • Supply Capt should air hydrant location and lay
  • Big fire, delayed 2nd due- 1st should lay own supply
  • Supply should consider reverse lay
  • Each master stream should have own water supple
  • water supply group and water department may be established
24
Q

“Rural” Water Supply

A
  • Request additional tenders early
  • tender ops require space
  • narrow drives- 1st should lay a single or dual 3” on side of the road
  • supply engine Capt should assume water supply officer
  • nursing or porta tank
  • extended ops- minimum of 3 tenders
  • consider static water supple (3rd engine)
  • calc tender cycle time and notify IC of the estimated available water flows
25
Q

Automatic Fire-Alarm Response

1st Arriving Unit

A
  • perform size-up
  • assign units as needed
  • investigate to determine the cause of the alarm
  • the cause must be documented in NFIRS

1 engine or truck emergent, FIC non-emergent (all fire alarms except single family residential

AlarmR (residential): 1 engine or truck non-emergent

26
Q

Operating with fixed fire protection systems

Fire sprinklers

A
  • If known fire, the apparatus SHALL pump to the FDC
  • SHALL be connected to a fire hydrant
  • once activated, SHALL NOT be shot down until ordered by the IC
27
Q

Fire standpipes

A
  • 4 or more stories in height, as well as below and above grade parking structures are typically equipped in every stairwell
  • standpipes SHALL have priority of supply efforts over sprinkler systems when interior ops
  • water should not be pumped until unused hose connections are capped or valves closed
  • apparatus pumping the FDC SHALL be connected to a fire hydrant
28
Q

High Rise

Most problems relate to:

A
  • difficulties of access
  • complexities of construction
  • # of occupants in these structures
  • Occupant life safety and FF safety is the highest priority
  • FF fatigue
29
Q

Most effective high rise strategy

A
  • aggressive fire attack
  • control of the building environment
  • coordinated occupant movement
30
Q

Initial high rise assignments

A
  • 5 engines, 2 trucks, SO, BC, 1 ambulance
  • 1st arriving engine: recon and fire attack
  • 2nd arriving engine: lobby control/stair and FDC
  • 3rd arriving engine: 2nd hose line, pre-position non-IDLH
  • 4th arriving engine: base and staging (2 floors below) and support stairwell ops
  • trucks: support ops on fire floor and floors above and recon for vent
31
Q

High rise

A- attack

A
  • 1st & 3rd arriving engines
  • take command
  • recon, set up for attack, and make attack
  • no elevators
  • check annunciator panel
  • Knox key- take only what you need
  • communicate plan with others
  • take essential equipment (extra cylinders, irons, hose)
  • ascending stairs (officer sets pace, check standpipe on way up)
  • determine what is going on (CAN)
  • transfer or pass command
32
Q

High rise

L- lobby, stairwell, and supply

2nd arriving

A
  • be prepared to assume command
  • establish water (reverse out, take off equipment, protect hose)
  • get control of building: lockout elevator, Knox, re-check annunciator, control HVAC, altern means of communication
  • lobby: traffic control, direct crews, accountability
  • set up stairwell: recon (best for attack and rescue), vent stairwell (make sure it is getting done), get equipment moving up the stairwell
33
Q

High rise

Base/staging

4th arriving

A
  • base: outside 200 ft, crews report to base, establish equipment cache, area manager tracks crews and assignments, communicate w/ IC or logistics regarding crews
  • Staging: 2 floors below, area to refill cylinders, rehab (paramedic assisted), reenforce stairwell ops, assign one crew member to lobby, tell lobby crew member is assigned
34
Q

High rise

Support ops (1st arriving)

A
  • objective: perform recon of the floors above and support attack ops and life safety
  • one crew recon the floors above and fire floor
  • take essential equipment
  • vent assessment on way up
  • one crew assigned vent, consider PPV stairwells
  • recon stairwells for ops (FFing and life safety
  • vertical rescue: assign if needed
35
Q

High rise

BC & Command staff

A
  • assume command
  • approximately 200 ft away
  • determine viability of attack plan and adequacy of resources
  • assign logistics section chief to manage lobby, stair, base and staging
36
Q

High rise

Modes of operation

A
  • investigation mode ( nothing showing): 1st truck assist with recon and prepare to vent
  • high rise attack mode ( visible signs): order big, order early
37
Q

Fires in structures 1-3 stories in height

Rescue operations

Rescue efforts in following order:

A
  • those victims most immediate threatened
  • the largest concentration of victims
  • the remainder of the structure
  • use interior access to remove victims when possible
  • secondary rescue of elevated platforms, aerial ladders, ground ladders, fire escapes
38
Q

Fires in 1-3 stories

Additional considerations:

A
  • center hallway- 2 hose lines ( 1 attack and 1 to protect hallway)
  • ASAP, hose line to the floor above
  • personal rescue devise on 3 stories and above
39
Q

Below grade fires

1st arriving

A
  • should consider basement involvement ( balloon frame)
  • confirm basement conditions prior to making entry. If there is basement involvement, the IC should adjust IAP to directly attack the basement fire
40
Q

Below Grade Fire

Size-Up

A
  • perform 360
  • determine whether there is a basement, what type, and location/# of access
  • determine conditions in the basement
  • ID current ventilation profile and predict expected flow path
41
Q

Below Grade Fires

IAP

Strategic Considerations:

A
  • Consider attack into basement window
  • suppression will be most efficient and safest when fire attack from same level
  • reset
  • working on the floor above the basement should be avoided if possible
  • high probability of victims may necessitate ops above - flow path SHALL be controlled
42
Q

Below Grade Fires

Tactical Considerations:

A
  • 1st hose line - rapid knockdown. Poss reset
  • the following factors would preclude the descent of 1st line down the interior stairs:
    • high heat conditions
    • questionable stability of stairs
    • initial size-up indicating a serious fire condition
  • the status of the interior basement door is a critical factor and should be communicated
  • search may be conducted above fire or in basement (risk profile) - door control should be maintained
43
Q

Below Grade Fires

Safety Considerations:

A
  • stairwell can be chimney
  • is basement finished or unfinished
  • sounding the floor and floor sage is not reliable
44
Q

Carbon Monoxide, HCN, and Asbestos in overhaul and post fire ops

General Procedures

A
  • all SHALL wear full PPE and SCBA during overhaul
  • fire investigators SHALL wear the appropriate PPE
  • the IC, SO, or designated member SHALL make a safety site survey and air monitoring prior to removal of any PPE
  • on-going air monitoring SHALL be done during the overhaul and investigation process
45
Q

Asbestos

Decon Procedures:

A
  • overhaul with least amount of people
  • all exposed to asbestos should undergo gross Decon (HEPA Vac) - breathing air during
  • members conducting Decon SHALL also be protected
  • all PPE laundered upon returning to station
  • shower immediately upon return
46
Q

Atmospheric Monitiring

A
  • should not be used in visible smoke
  • personnel without SCBA SHALL NOT be allowed in structures unless 0ppm CO 0ppm HCN
  • CO vapor density .97, HCN .94 so monitoring for both gases should be done 3-8 ft above the floor
47
Q

VEIS

Resources:

A

Requires an entry crew of two or more supported by a hose line crew.

48
Q

VEIS

1st arriving IC:

A
  • SHALL conduct a size-up
  • establish command
  • communicate IAP to responding units
49
Q

VEIS

Scene size-up:

A
  • should be a search tactic when:
    • there is a known probable occupant(s)
    • conventional means of access for primary search is compromised by fire or when VEIS is a more obvious choice to quickly locate and rescue the victim(s)
50
Q

VEIS

IAP

Strategic considerations for IC:

A
  • tactical op SHALL be communicated to all units
  • the IAP SHALL be modified to coordinate the VEIS with all other fire ground ops. Support of the VEIS is the priority
  • while VEIS is being performed, PPV & PPA should not be used
  • consider assigning a VEIS group sup
  • plan for additional VEIS ops in different locations
  • all other ops should not interfere w/ VEIS
  • command only option or passing command
51
Q

VEIS

Tactical considerations:

A
  • maintain strict accountability
  • maintain situational awareness
  • confirm PPV and PPA are not used
  • confirm adequate resources
  • confirm crew assigned VEIS understand objectives
  • communicate tactical supervisors
  • ensure 2nd ladder of equal length is pre-positioned
  • give timely and concise CAN report to IC
  • upon exit, VEIS sup SHALL report a PAR
  • constantly reassess conditions and re-evaluate risk profile
52
Q

VEIS

Task considerations:

A
  • positioning
  • ventilation
  • entry
  • sill control
  • isolate
  • search and rescue
  • egress: if different egress, this SHALL be communicated to VEIS sup
  • hose line
53
Q

VEIS

Safety considerations:

A
  • IC SHALL confirm the VEIS matches PFA’s risk profile

- all personnel not directly involved in the VEIS SHALL maintain strict radio discipline

PFA ODs (6 decks)

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