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APC - Building Surveying DM > Fire Safety > Flashcards

Fire Safety Flashcards

1
Q

What does a fire need to start in a building?

A

Oxygen, heat and a fuel source are needed to start a fire.

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2
Q

What are common causes of fires?

A

Cooking equipment
Electrical equipment
Intentional (arson)

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3
Q

What is passive fire protection?

A
  • Using the construction of the building to provide fire protection.
  • Using materials and structural layout.
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4
Q

What are types of active systems?

A
  • Sprinklers
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5
Q

Types of sprinkler?

A
  • Wet - water in them

* Dry - air pressured systems

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6
Q

Distances for sprinklers?

A

Every 12sqm

Every 4m

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7
Q

What is a fire alarm?

A

Combination of components for giving an audible and/or other perceptible warning of fire to occupants

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8
Q

What is fire detection?

A
  • The term ‘fire detection system’ describes any type of automatic sensor network and associated control and indicating equipment.
  • Sensors may be sensitive to smoke, heat, gaseous combustion products or radiation.
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9
Q

What is the BS for fire alarm testing?

A

BS 5839

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10
Q

What are the types of fire alarm categories?

A

Category P - purely for the protection of property
Category L - For life protection
Category M - Manually operated system

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11
Q

Category P systems?

A

P1 - protects the whole building

P2 - Installed in defined areas

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12
Q

Category L systems?

A

L1 provides for Automatic Fire Detection (AFD) to be installed into all areas of a building.
L2 provides Automatic Fire Detection (AFD) as defined in L3 as well as high risk or hazardous areas.
L3 Automatic Fire Detection (AFD) with smoke detection should be installed on escape routes with detection in rooms opening onto escape routes.
L4 provides Automatic Fire Detection (AFD) within escape routes only.
L5 is installed in building with a specific risk that has been identified.

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13
Q

What is fire suppression?

A

A system used to extinguish a fire in a building

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14
Q

How can the layout be changed to prevent fire spread?

A

A passive protection method. To divide up internal space to prevent the spread of fire.

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15
Q

How is compartmentation achieved?

A

Between compartments, walls, doors partitions all need to provide a fire resistance, usually 60 minutes.

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16
Q

How can the structure be protected from fire?

A

Structural steel is covered in film intumescent coatings or boxed with fire resistant slabs or plasterboard.

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17
Q

How can you tell a certified fire door?

A
  • Has smoke seals or intumescent strips.
  • Stamp on top of the door frame.
  • TRADA Q marks on inside of the door
  • Thicker
18
Q

Gaps on fire doors?

A

2-4mm

up to 8mm at bottom depending on the door

19
Q

What approved document covers fire?

A

Part B

20
Q

What are the sections of part B?

A

Part B1: Means of Warning and Escape
Part B2: Internal Fire Spread (Linings)
Part B3: Internal Fire Spread (Structure)
Part B4: External Fire Spread
Part B5: Access and Facilities for the Fire Service

21
Q

What are the travel distances?

A
  • Maximum of 18m for office where travel in one direction.

* Maximum of 45m for office where travel in more than one direction

22
Q

Widths of doors?

A

1050

23
Q

Fire protection requirements for fire doors?

A
  • 30 min fire rating

* I would advise to install FD60 inline with compartmentation requirements

24
Q

Wall fire resistance for compartmentation?

A

It does vary dependent on the use and height of the building. Generally 60 mins

25
Q

When are sprinklers required?

A

Form may 2020 flat buildings over 11m

26
Q

What are the latest changes to part b?

A

MAY 2020:
Blocks of flats with a top storey more than 11m above ground level (see Diagram
D6) should be fitted with a sprinkler system throughout the building
Signage for firefighters on flats over 11m

NOVEMBER 2018 - reduction in materials that could be used for external cladding on buildings over 18m. They had to be in line with the BS 8414 test and be of limited or no combustibility.

27
Q

What are the key statutory instruments for fire safety?

A 
Part B building regulations 
Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005
28
Q

What is the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005?

A
  • Under H&S at work act
  • Provide a minimum fire safety standard in all non-domestic premises.
  • It designates someone a responsible person, these are generally those who have some control over th property, this could be the landlord, tenant.

Those persons are required to carry out certain fire safety duties which include ensuring the general fire precautions are satisfactory and conducting a fire risk assessment.

29
Q

What are the responsibilities under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005?

A
  • Consider who may be at risk.
  • Eliminate or reduce the risk of fire as far as is reasonably practical.
  • Undertake a fire risk assessment
  • Provide general fire precautions to deal with any risk.
  • Take additional measures to ensure fire safety where flammable or explosive materials are used or stored.
  • Create a plan to deal with any emergency and where necessary record any findings.
  • Maintain general fire precautions, and facilities provided for use by firefighters.
  • Keep any findings of the risk assessment under review.
30
Q

What are the five stages to a fire risk assessment?

A
  • Identify the fire hazards.
  • Identify people at risk.
  • Evaluate, remove or reduce the risks.
  • Record your findings, prepare an emergency plan and provide training.
  • Review and update the fire risk assessment regularly.
31
Q

How often should a FRA be undertaken?

A
  • Reviewed annually

* Updated if there is a big change in the building.

32
Q

What is a fire dampner?

A
  • Fire dampers are passive fire protection products used in HVAC systems.
  • Inside ductwork between walls
  • Close when there is a fire (electrical or mechanical)
33
Q

What is a fire collar?

A
  • A collar around pipework that expands when in the presence of fire
  • Seals the pipework
34
Q

Stopping flash overs on external of building?

A
  • Non combustible cladding

* Large gaps between windows

35
Q

What is ACM cladding?

A
  • Aluminum composite material

* Two sheets of Al with an insulation material between (PIR, foam, mineral wool)

36
Q

Fire safety bill?

A
  • A Bill to amend the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005
  • Provide greater clarity to who is responsible in building with more than one domestic property
  • Extends the fire risk assessment to the external area
37
Q

Building safety bill?

A
  • Amends the Building Act 1984
  • Extends Section 36 notice from 1 year to 10 years
  • An accountable person is identified who is charge of the building
38
Q

What certification is required for buildings over 18m?

A
  • EWS 1 form.

* Signed off by competent professional

39
Q

When do you need a fire strategy?

A

Under the reform fire safety order

40
Q

Types of fire strategy?

A
  • Phased
  • Simultaneous
  • Stay put
41
Q

What are some recent changes with regards to fire safety?

A

Following Grenfell there have been some updates within Part B of the Approved Documents. This includes making it mandatory to include sprinklers to buildings over 11m rather than 18m. They have also banned the used of combustible materials on the external facade of a high rish building - they now have to be Class A1

APC - Building Surveying DM (18 decks)

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