Fire Flashcards
Fire Regulations 2005
Establishes responsible person
Requirement for Fire Risk Assessment.
Fire Safety Act 2021
Amends the Fire Order 2005. Act clarifies where a building contains 2 or more sets of domestic premesis the order applies:
- buildings structure and external walls + common parts
- doors between domestic and communal
Types of Fire Risk Assesment
Type 1 - Common parts only (non-destructive)
Type 2 - Common parts only (destructive)
Type 3 - Common parts and flats (non-destructive)
Type 4 - Common parts and flats (destructive)
Who can complete FRA
Depends on complexity of the property
Competence of individual
How are non-domestic FRA’s recorded
In line with PAS 79-1:2020
Government advice on buildings
When is construction work required to meet the requirements of Building Regs
Where building is extended, erected or materially altered Regulation 38 of the Building Regs Approved Document B requires a package of fire safety information be assembled and given to responsible person of premesis.
Fire Strategy often provided to collate that
Fire Strategy items included
Construction
Compartmentation Strategy
Means of escape and other fire safety features
Alternatives to ADB
BS9999 - Management use of Buildings
What are the sepeate parts of ADB?
B1 - Means of Escape
B2 - Internal Fire Spread
B3 - Internal Fire Spread
B4 - External Fire Spread
B5 - Access and facilities for fire service
ADB Purpose Groups
Laboratories in group #
ADB Travel distances
18 metres - 1 option
45 metres - 2 options
Different types of evacuation
Simultaneous Evacuation
Phased Evacuation
Delayed Evacuation
Stay Put Evacuation
Progressive Horizontal Evacuation
Where do you measure to to get height of building?
To surface of upper floor i.e. not ceiling
What does Fire Safety Regulations 2022 implement to residential properties
All multi-occupied residential building of two or more sets of domestic properties:
- Fire Safety Instructions
- Fire Door Information
All multi-occupied resi over 11 metres: as above
- Annual and quarterly checks of fire doors
Part 2 in another card
Fire Safety Regulations 2022 High-Rise Building Requirements
Multi-occupied resi at least 18m or 7 storeys whichever’s first
- Building Plans
- External Wall Systems - inform FRS of design and materials
- Wayfinding Signage
- Lifts and Other Key Fire-Fighting Equipment: monthly checks
- Secure Information boxes: include info on RP and building floor plans
Building Safety Act 2022 new bodies
Building Safety Regulator
National Regulator of Construction Products
New Homes Ombudsmen
Building Safety Act 2022
- Gateways when constructing new High-Risk Buildings
- Golden thread.
Fire Door Competency
Currently unregulated for undertaking surveys
Fire Stopping Competency
Currently unregulated
Can you mix and match ADB and BS9999
Avoid this, BS9999 is an approved code of practice. Advice is not to blend them.
Fire Risk Assessment objectives and considerations
Objectives:
- Identify fire hazards
- Consider those at risk
- Evaluate and Act
- Record, plan, instruct, inform and train
- Review
Consider:
- Emergency routes/exits
- Fire detection and warning systems
- Fire fighting equipment
- Removal/storage of dangerous substances
- Emergency Fire Evacuation Plan
- Vulnerable people
- Information to people
- Staff training
What is a Fire Strategy for
How the building is designed to meet Building Regulations & provides compartmentation lines
When does a fire strategy need amending?
Regulation 38 within Approved Document B - when building is erected, extended or material change - fire strategy captures this and should be provided to responsible person.
Escape routes
What does Fire Order 2005 establish
- Responsible Person
- Requirement for Fire Risk Assessment
Fire Order 2005 who can survey
‘Competent person’ - sufficient training and experience.
Fire Order 2005 - how can we demonstrate competence
Membership to accredited body:
e.g. member of FPA
Minimum level to FRA’s
Level 3 - low to medium risk
Which work introduced High Risk Residential Building?
BSA 2022
How often should a fire risk assessment be updated
Annually/on material change
Three things to start fire?
Heat
Fuel
Oxygen
Principle Legislation describing responsibilities of building owner
Fire Order 2005
What is the Fire Safety Order
The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 - statutory Instrument places responsibility on individuals to carry out fire risk assessments, identify, manage and reduce risks.
Purpose of Fire Risk Assessment
Identify risks:
- existing and possible
- Help determine chance of fire occurring
- Dangers from fire workplace poses.
Steps of Fire Risk Assessment
- Identify Fire Hazards
- Identify people at risk
- Evaluate, remove or reduce risks
- Record findings, prepare emergency plan and provide training
- Review and update fire risk assessment.
Give examples of passive fire protection in a building
- Floor
- ceiling
- fire doors
- windows
- wall assemblies
- fire resistant coatings
- fire stopping
Is a fire door passive or active fire protection
Passive
What is intumescent fire proofing and how does it work?
Form of passive fire protection
An intumescent is a coating that, when exposed to heat, is rapidly transformed and expands many times its size to form a stable, char.
Which material performs better in fire timber or steel
Timber
What are the different types of fire extinguisher?
Co2 - electrical
Foam - Removes elements from fire triangle
wet/water
Dry - cardboard
chemical - cooking/oils
How would you know if a building owner / manager is taking their fire safety responsibility seriously?
- Completed FRA
- Implemented FRA
- Responsible person designated
- Fire Safety plan
- Provide fire safety info
- Provided training
- Regular testing
- Fire Strategy/updates info as necessary.
What is a means of escape?
Means of escape are doors and routes that occupants use to get out of a building in emergencies.
What are the key themes of the Building Safety Act 2022
- Duty holder responsibilities
- Golden Thread
Building Safety Regulator - Mandatory Occurrence Reporting System for high risk buildings
- Building Inspectors - Register Building Control Approvers.
Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the combustion process, physics and chemistry,
Fire triangle (oxygen, heat and fuel).
- combustion to occur fuel must reach its ignition temperature
- Development is exponential, doubling in size within several minutes.
- Fire - smoke plume - produces a ceiling jet - the heat then circles downward.
- Flashover point = where so hot all objects spontaneously catch fire.
Progress of fire into 3 stages:
1. Growth
2. Post-flashover
3 - Decay
the physiological and psychological effects of fire:
a. Heat > 1,000 degrees possible
b. Toxic and narcotic gases: Hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide
c. Low oxygen
d. small particles - prevent vision (smoke)
e. irritant to eyes and throat, affecting escape.
Please explain how you assessed the fire safety compliance of proposed design for refurbishment of building A
Approved Document B, Volume 2.
Assessed drawings, specification and details
Travel distances
New emergency lighting
Fire alarm systems
Access for fire and rescue
What does R & E stand for in fire rating
R = Structural load bearing
E = Integrity
I = Insulation
