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RICS APC > Construction Technology & Environmental Services > Flashcards

Construction Technology & Environmental Services Flashcards

1
Q

What year were building regulations introduced?

A

Building Regulation 1965, introduced 1966.

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2
Q

What does BREEAM stand for.

A

Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Methodology

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2
Q

what are the BREEAM standards?

A

It comprises six technical standards which apply to the different stages of a building or project’s life cycle. BREEAM supports solutions to reduce net zero carbon, improve whole life performance, manage health and social impacts, boost circularity, resilience and biodiversity, and support disclosures and reporting

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3
Q

What are the 6 BREEAM standards

A

BREEAM In use
BREEAM Refurbishment & Fit-out
BREEAM Communities
BREEAM New Construction
Home Quality Mark
BREEAM Infrastructure

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4
Q

What are the different type of foundations available?

A

Strip Foundation
Trench Foundations
Pad Foundations
Raft Foundations
Pile Foundations

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5
Q

What is CBR

A

California Bearing Ratio

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6
Q

How are earthworks supported and why?

A

Timber boards and timber walings and struts. Or steel walings and struts

Prevent collapse

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7
Q

When is a raft preferred

A

Places with bad soil, clay or soft soil

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8
Q

What are the different type of piling and when would they be used?

A

End Bearing - Sits on rock below
Friction Pile - uses friction to hold
Bored piles - Create hole then fill with concrete
Continuous flight Auger - Same as bored but happens simultaneously. Smaller and more cost effective but less load
Sheet piles -
Reinforced concrete piles

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9
Q

Describe the components of a piled substructure and what their function is?

A

Pile
Pile Cap
Reinforcement

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10
Q

What is the difference between hollow and a solid ground floor construction?

A

On sat on earth, other suspended requiring ventilation.

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11
Q

How does a diaphragm wall work?

A

A diaphragm wall (slurry wall) is a reinforced cast-in-place continuous concrete wall. The construction includes the excavation of a trench under the protection of a support suspension (i.e. a thixotropic slurry such as bentonite mud for example) designed to temporarily stabilize the trench wall. After excavation with a mechanical or hydraulic grab, the support slurry is replaced by concrete and steel reinforcement is placed.

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12
Q

Where would you expect to find the main reinforcement in the following structural concrete components and why: beam, column, staircase, suspended slab, cantilevered slab, pad foundation, raft foundation.

A

This is about movement - i.e. the structural steel reinforcement will be on the side which is under greatest stress.
i.e. suspended slab = bottom

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13
Q

What does C40 mean in relation to concrete

A

Number of KN/m2

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14
Q

What is GRC

A

Glass Reinforced Concrete

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15
Q

How is composite metal cladding fixed to a steel frame?

A

Most fasteners are typically self tapping and self dripping.

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16
Q

What is the difference between a common, facing and engineering brick?

A

Common = typically rendered over lower cost not facing
Facing = typical seen on houses - finished product
Engineering = low porosity and high strength

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17
Q

Explain the purpose of using a plasticiser in a mortar mix

A

A plasticiser is a substance or material added to concrete to make it softer, improve workability and strength, and reduce water requirements

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18
Q

What is pointing

A

Filling between bricks with mortar

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19
Q

Different bonds
Stretcher
English
Flemish

A

Stretcher = stretcher side of bricks
English = One coarse Header one coarse stretcher
Flemish = Header/Stretcher/Header

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20
Q

What is Corbeling

A

Corbel = structural stone/brick juting out to take weight. Often coming ‘out’ from the building.

21
Q

Main components of hipped end pitched timber roof.

A

Ridge Board
Rafter
Jack Rafter
Hip Rafter
Purlins
Strut
Wall plate

22
Q

What is Rainscreen cladding and how does it work?

A

Rainscreen cladding is an external panel façade system that protects a building’s backing wall from the full force of the weather. In a nutshell: Rainscreen cladding protects a building’s backing wall from the elements. Cladding systems can also improve thermal performance and enhance a building’s appearance.

23
Q

What is curtain walling?

A

Non-Structural cladding for external of a property.
Only support their own weight.

24
Q

What is a mullion?

A

Separating bars of a window

25
Q

Name four different types of glass used in glazing systems.

A
  • Annealed Glass
  • Heat strengthened
  • Tempered or toughened
  • Laminated Glass
26
Q

What is the purpose of screed?

A

Levelling
Better surface for adhesives

27
Q

What is Granolithic paving

A

Cement and granite/hard wearing aggregates to produce flooring or paving

28
Q

What different types of plaster and render are there?

A

Cement
Gypsum
Lime
Acrylic
Silicone

29
Q

Difference between tarmac and macadam

A

Asphalt is a mix of aggregates and bitumen, whereas tarmac, or tarmacadam, is a mix of aggregates and tar

30
Q

What different types of retaining walls or structures are common in the industry?

A

Gravity retaining
Cantilever Retaining
Embedded retaining
Reinforced soil

31
Q

Describe the different ways of dealing with ground water in excavations?

A

Sump pump
Wellpoint systems
Siphon drainage
Deep well systems
Ejector systems

32
Q

Upper floor construction methods

A

Timber joists
Beam and block
Reinforced concrete
Precast concrete

33
Q
A

Single ply - light weight, cheap, fast to install, not suitable to be walked on, shorter life span,

3 layer - stronger, less maintenance, more affected by UV/

34
Q

From a technical view explain the factors that you would consider when comparing a steel and concrete frame solution for a building?

A

Cost
Structural loading capacity
Span
Use of property
Lead in time
Fire rating
Location i.e. weather & building movement

35
Q

Viewed technically, explain the factors that you would consider when comparing a pre-cast and an insitu concrete frame solution for a building

A

Moulded off-site
Controlled pour conditions
Made to measure off site
Requires transport (impractical?)

In situ
Easily transported
More expensive potentially for small jobs

36
Q

How can slip-forming help a project and when might it be used?

A

Pro:
Reduced crane time
High production rates
Slipform is inependent - can delay critical path
Reduces congestion due to less scaffold

Cons:
Minimal changes available post slipform
May requires additional steel support
Wall thickness may be required thicker

37
Q

What is the difference between a drain and sewer

A

Drain takes waste from property to sewer

It serves only one building.

38
Q

What is a backdrop inspection chamber

A

A backdrop manhole is a drop shaft installed either externally or internally in a manhole in a sewer network. Backdrop manholes connect pipes of differing invert levels and allow for the pipe at a higher level to connect to the lower level pipe with minimum fall.

39
Q

What is a saddle in drainage

A

Way to connect pipes

40
Q

What is a siphonic drainage system?

A

Siphonic drainage systems prevent air from entering the downpipes. This allows higher volumes of water to drain more quickly from flat roofs, which means fewer, smaller diameter downpipes are required.

41
Q

What is cat II lighting?

A

Class 2 double insulated lights are designed to operate without the need for an earth wire. They usually have two layers of insulation which cover the live parts, for example the cables inside the fitting.

42
Q

How is water provided to a sprinkler system?

A

Some systems are fed directly from the water mains; others via a storage cistern and pump or pressure vessel arrangement

43
Q

what materials are typically used for internal drainage systems?

A

PVC
Clay

44
Q

Which fire safety provisions would you expect to find in a typical office block?

A

Fire extinguisher
Fire Alarm
Sprinkler system?
Signage
Fire Doors

45
Q

What recent changes have there been to the Building Regulations?

A

Updated Building Regulations came into force in June 2022 and these included signifcant changes to Approved Documents. In addition to the changes to Part B, Part F, and Part L, two new approved documents were included, O (Overheating) and S (Infrastructure relating to charging electric vehicles).

46
Q

List of banned materials?

A

Red List?

47
Q

Do building’s require a fire certificate?

A

No, it’s no longer a legal requirement to have a Fire Safety Certificate. In the past, the Fire Authority would issue a Fire Safety Certificate to businesses that met the required fire safety standards in the UK. However, this certificate no longer exists.

Instead, all businesses must now undergo a Fire Risk Assessment — which puts the responsibility on you as the business owner.

48
Q

What is PPG

A

Planning Policy Guidance

49
Q

Section 106

A

Requirement for developer to do x e.g. sculpture or upgrade park

50
Q

Section 278

A

Requirement to upgrade highway as part of planning

51
Q

On your projects, how has Building Regulation compliance of the finished building been demonstrated

A

After the final inspection of building work, property owners are issued with a completion certificate which demonstrates that the surveyor is satisfied that the work inspected conforms with the building regulations.

RICS APC (8 decks)

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