Fingerprints and ACE-V Methodology Quiz 4

Question 1

Rideology

Answer 1

Study of friction ridge formation, in sequence, with sufficient detail to individualize.

Question 2

Skin

Answer 2

Classified as an organ.
Largest organ in the body.
Two main layers:
Epidermis (outer layer).
Dermis (inner layer).

Question 3

Epidermis

Answer 3

Made up of several smaller layers.

Innermost layer most important because it is “genereting layer”.

Question 4

Dermis

Answer 4

Layer of skin in animals that leather comes from.
Contains blood vessels, glands, and nerves.
Provides generating layer with nutrients.

Question 5

Creating Scars

Answer 5

Cuts through epidermis that reach dermal papillae will leave scar as healthy skin cells cannot be regenerated due to damage to generating cell layer.

Question 6

Papillae

Answer 6

Double rows of peg-like areas in dermis that provides nutrients to “generating” layer.

Question 7

Fetal Fingerprint Development

Answer 7

12 weeks friction ridges start to form.

Tension and pressure created by volar pads shape and alter patterns.

Question 8

Volar Pad Development

Answer 8

At 6 weeks some pad start to appear.

At 10 weeks pads are prominent and thumb is rotated.

Question 9

Volar Pad Patterns

Answer 9

Arches usually have low pads.
Whorls believed to form from high-centered pads.
Loops form from intermediate pads.

Question 10

Secondary or Incipient Ridges

Answer 10

Contain no sweat pores.
Look like misprints or smaller, underdeveloped ridges.
Can use for identification.

Question 11

Pattern Percentages

Answer 11

Loops 65%.
Whorls 30%.
Arches 5%.

Question 12

Loops

Answer 12

ANY recurve at all is a loop.

1 core, 1 delta.

Question 13

Arches

Answer 13

Run one side to the other, with no backward turn.
2 types: Plain and Tented.
0 cores, 0 deltas.

Question 14

Plain Arch

Answer 14

Even ridge flow from side to side.

No significant “up thrust”.

Question 15

Tented Arch

Answer 15

Have significant up-thrust and don’t have same “easy” flow pattern as plain arches.

Question 16

Whorls

Answer 16

Some ridges make a turn through at least one circuit.

Any pattern with 2 or more deltas.

Question 17

Types of Whorls

Answer 17

Plain Whorl.
Central Pocket Loop Whorl.
Double Loop Whorl.
Accidental Whorl.

Question 18

Plain Whorl

Answer 18

One or more ridges which make or tend to make a complete circuit.
1 core, 2 deltas.

Question 19

Central Pocket Loop Whorl

Answer 19

At least one recurving ridge or obstruction at right angles to line of flow.
Ridges make one complete circuit which may be spiral, oval, circular, or any related variant.
1 core, 2 deltas.

Question 20

Double Loop Whorl

Answer 20

2 separate and distinct loop formations with 2 separate and distinct shoulders for each.
One or more ridges make complete circuit.
2 cores, 2 deltas.

Question 21

Accidental Whorl

Answer 21

Consists of two types of patterns with the exception of the plain arch.
1+ cores, 2+ deltas.

Question 22

Print Value

Answer 22

Sufficient unique details present that when compared a conclusion can be reached.

Question 23

Determining Print Value

Answer 23

Substrate.
Matrix.
Development medium.
Deposition pressure.
Anatomical orientation.

Question 24

No Value Prints

Answer 24

Analysis for no value conducted prior to and regardless of whether comparisons will be conducted.
Can still be used for exclusions.

Question 25

Level 1 Detail

Answer 25

Ridge Flow. Cores, Deltas, Scars, Pattern Classification, and Orientation. Individualization CANNOT occur at this level, but exclusions can.

Question 26

Level 2 Detail

Answer 26

Ridge Path. Characteristics (ending ridge, bifurcation, dot). Location, type, direction, and relationship. Individualization CAN occur at this level, as well as exclusions.

Question 27

Galton Details

Answer 27

``` Ridge Ending. Bifuracation. Dot. Island. Enclosure. ```

Question 28

Level 3 Detail

Answer 28

Ridge Attributes. Edge/end shapes, width, angles pores. Friction ridge morphology (secondary creases, ridge breaks, etc.) Individualization CAN occur at this level.

Question 29

Target Group

Answer 29

Area within print that appeals or stands out to you. Never choose delta or core. Determine unique characteristics. All levels of detail.

Question 30

ACE-V Methodology

Answer 30

Provides structure and guides examiner through analysis. Based on sound scientific principles. Conclusions are objective. Assure validity and reliability of conclusions. Include both qualitative and quantitative methods.

Question 31

ACE-V Methodology: Application

Answer 31

Applied regardless of the combination of impressions types (ie unknown vs. known, known vs. known, unknown vs. unknown).

Question 32

Analysis

Answer 32

Assessment of friction ridge impression to determine "value" by using levels of detail.' First latent prints, then known exemplar(s).

Question 33

Quality-Influencing Factors

Answer 33

``` Residue/Matrix. Deposition (pressure). Surface/Substrate. Environment. Development medium. Preservation method. Condition of friction ridge skin. ```

Question 34

Comparison

Answer 34

Direct or side-by-side observation of detail to determine whether details match based on similarity, sequence, and spatial relationship.

Question 35

Evaluation

Answer 35

Forming a conclusion based on analysis and comparison of friction ridge impressions.

Question 36

Evaluation Conclusions

Answer 36

All conclusions are reproducible. | Can declare individualization, exclusion, or inconclusive.

Question 37

Individualization

Answer 37

Identification. Comparisons of sufficient quality (clarity) and quantity of friction ridge detail in agreement. Two impressions orginated from the same source, to the exclusion of all others.

Question 38

Exclusion

Answer 38

Comparisons of sufficient quality (clarity) and quantity of friction ridge detail NOT in agreement. Determined to have originated from different sources.

Question 39

Inconclusive

Answer 39

Examiner unable to individualize or exclude source of impression due to lack of sufficient details. This conclusion must NOT be construed as statement of probability.

Question 40

Conclusions of Probability

Answer 40

Probable, possible, or likely identification conclusions are outside the acceptable limits of this science.

Question 41

Verification

Answer 41

Independent examination by another qualified examiner. ALL individualizations (identifications) must be verified. Exclusion or inconclusive results may also be verified.

Question 42

Verification Steps

Answer 42

``` Supervisor selects verifying examiner. Provides all info from first examiner. Verifier reviews info. If conflicting opinions arise, conflict resolution. Info returned to orginal examiner. ```

Question 43

Verifying Examiner

Answer 43

Also uses ACE-V method. Documents their process. Returns all info to Supervisor.

Question 44

Blind Verification

Answer 44

Independent examination of impression by another qualified examiner who does NOT know conclusion of first examiner. Can be conducted on individualizations, exclusions, and inconclusives.

Question 45

Anatomical Origin

Answer 45

Palm, finger, toe, etc.

Question 46

Substrate

Answer 46

Surface type (glass, tape, paper, etc.)

Question 47

Matrix

Answer 47

Material covering friction ridge skin that is left behind when object is touched (oil, sweat, paint, etc.)

Question 48

Development Medium

Answer 48

What was used to visualize latent print (forensic light source, chemicals, powders, etc.)

Question 49

Pressures

Answer 49

``` Deposition pressure (downward). Lateral pressure (slippage). ```