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Forensic Science Analysis > Fingerprints and ACE-V Methodology Quiz 4 > Flashcards

Fingerprints and ACE-V Methodology Quiz 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Rideology

A

Study of friction ridge formation, in sequence, with sufficient detail to individualize.

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2
Q

Skin

A 
Classified as an organ.
Largest organ in the body.
Two main layers:
Epidermis (outer layer).
Dermis (inner layer).
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3
Q

Epidermis

A

Made up of several smaller layers.

Innermost layer most important because it is “genereting layer”.

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4
Q

Dermis

A

Layer of skin in animals that leather comes from.
Contains blood vessels, glands, and nerves.
Provides generating layer with nutrients.

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5
Q

Creating Scars

A

Cuts through epidermis that reach dermal papillae will leave scar as healthy skin cells cannot be regenerated due to damage to generating cell layer.

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6
Q

Papillae

A

Double rows of peg-like areas in dermis that provides nutrients to “generating” layer.

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7
Q

Fetal Fingerprint Development

A

12 weeks friction ridges start to form.

Tension and pressure created by volar pads shape and alter patterns.

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8
Q

Volar Pad Development

A

At 6 weeks some pad start to appear.

At 10 weeks pads are prominent and thumb is rotated.

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9
Q

Volar Pad Patterns

A

Arches usually have low pads.
Whorls believed to form from high-centered pads.
Loops form from intermediate pads.

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10
Q

Secondary or Incipient Ridges

A

Contain no sweat pores.
Look like misprints or smaller, underdeveloped ridges.
Can use for identification.

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11
Q

Pattern Percentages

A

Loops 65%.
Whorls 30%.
Arches 5%.

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12
Q

Loops

A

ANY recurve at all is a loop.

1 core, 1 delta.

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13
Q

Arches

A

Run one side to the other, with no backward turn.
2 types: Plain and Tented.
0 cores, 0 deltas.

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14
Q

Plain Arch

A

Even ridge flow from side to side.

No significant “up thrust”.

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15
Q

Tented Arch

A

Have significant up-thrust and don’t have same “easy” flow pattern as plain arches.

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16
Q

Whorls

A

Some ridges make a turn through at least one circuit.

Any pattern with 2 or more deltas.

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17
Q

Types of Whorls

A

Plain Whorl.
Central Pocket Loop Whorl.
Double Loop Whorl.
Accidental Whorl.

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18
Q

Plain Whorl

A

One or more ridges which make or tend to make a complete circuit.
1 core, 2 deltas.

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19
Q

Central Pocket Loop Whorl

A

At least one recurving ridge or obstruction at right angles to line of flow.
Ridges make one complete circuit which may be spiral, oval, circular, or any related variant.
1 core, 2 deltas.

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20
Q

Double Loop Whorl

A

2 separate and distinct loop formations with 2 separate and distinct shoulders for each.
One or more ridges make complete circuit.
2 cores, 2 deltas.

21
Q

Accidental Whorl

A

Consists of two types of patterns with the exception of the plain arch.
1+ cores, 2+ deltas.

22
Q

Print Value

A

Sufficient unique details present that when compared a conclusion can be reached.

23
Q

Determining Print Value

A 
Substrate.
Matrix.
Development medium.
Deposition pressure.
Anatomical orientation.
24
Q

No Value Prints

A

Analysis for no value conducted prior to and regardless of whether comparisons will be conducted.
Can still be used for exclusions.

25
Q

Level 1 Detail

A

Ridge Flow.
Cores, Deltas, Scars, Pattern Classification, and Orientation.
Individualization CANNOT occur at this level, but exclusions can.

26
Q

Level 2 Detail

A

Ridge Path.
Characteristics (ending ridge, bifurcation, dot).
Location, type, direction, and relationship.
Individualization CAN occur at this level, as well as exclusions.

27
Q

Galton Details

A 
Ridge Ending.
Bifuracation.
Dot.
Island.
Enclosure.
28
Q

Level 3 Detail

A

Ridge Attributes.
Edge/end shapes, width, angles pores.
Friction ridge morphology (secondary creases, ridge breaks, etc.)
Individualization CAN occur at this level.

29
Q

Target Group

A

Area within print that appeals or stands out to you.
Never choose delta or core.
Determine unique characteristics.
All levels of detail.

30
Q

ACE-V Methodology

A

Provides structure and guides examiner through analysis.
Based on sound scientific principles.
Conclusions are objective.
Assure validity and reliability of conclusions.
Include both qualitative and quantitative methods.

31
Q

ACE-V Methodology: Application

A

Applied regardless of the combination of impressions types (ie unknown vs. known, known vs. known, unknown vs. unknown).

32
Q

Analysis

A

Assessment of friction ridge impression to determine “value” by using levels of detail.’
First latent prints, then known exemplar(s).

33
Q

Quality-Influencing Factors

A 
Residue/Matrix.
Deposition (pressure).
Surface/Substrate.
Environment.
Development medium.
Preservation method.
Condition of friction ridge skin.
34
Q

Comparison

A

Direct or side-by-side observation of detail to determine whether details match based on similarity, sequence, and spatial relationship.

35
Q

Evaluation

A

Forming a conclusion based on analysis and comparison of friction ridge impressions.

36
Q

Evaluation Conclusions

A

All conclusions are reproducible.

Can declare individualization, exclusion, or inconclusive.

37
Q

Individualization

A

Identification.
Comparisons of sufficient quality (clarity) and quantity of friction ridge detail in agreement.
Two impressions orginated from the same source, to the exclusion of all others.

38
Q

Exclusion

A

Comparisons of sufficient quality (clarity) and quantity of friction ridge detail NOT in agreement.
Determined to have originated from different sources.

39
Q

Inconclusive

A

Examiner unable to individualize or exclude source of impression due to lack of sufficient details.
This conclusion must NOT be construed as statement of probability.

40
Q

Conclusions of Probability

A

Probable, possible, or likely identification conclusions are outside the acceptable limits of this science.

41
Q

Verification

A

Independent examination by another qualified examiner.
ALL individualizations (identifications) must be verified.
Exclusion or inconclusive results may also be verified.

42
Q

Verification Steps

A 
Supervisor selects verifying examiner.
Provides all info from first examiner.
Verifier reviews info.
If conflicting opinions arise, conflict resolution.
Info returned to orginal examiner.
43
Q

Verifying Examiner

A

Also uses ACE-V method.
Documents their process.
Returns all info to Supervisor.

44
Q

Blind Verification

A

Independent examination of impression by another qualified examiner who does NOT know conclusion of first examiner.
Can be conducted on individualizations, exclusions, and inconclusives.

45
Q

Anatomical Origin

A

Palm, finger, toe, etc.

46
Q

Substrate

A

Surface type (glass, tape, paper, etc.)

47
Q

Matrix

A

Material covering friction ridge skin that is left behind when object is touched (oil, sweat, paint, etc.)

48
Q

Development Medium

A

What was used to visualize latent print (forensic light source, chemicals, powders, etc.)

49
Q

Pressures

A 
Deposition pressure (downward).
Lateral pressure (slippage).

Forensic Science Analysis (6 decks)

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