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Theories of Personality > Finalsss > Flashcards

Finalsss Flashcards

1
Q

An eminent characteristic
or ruling passion so
outstanding that it
dominates their lives
So obvious that they
cannot be hidden

A

Cardinal Traits

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2
Q

5 to 10 most outstanding
characteristics around
which a person’s life
focuses

A

Central Traits

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3
Q

Less conspicuous (visible)
but far greater in number
than central dispositions

A

Secondary Traits

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4
Q

Intensely experienced dispositions
Initiates actions
Ex. Wearing clothes to keep warm
Motivational dispositions receive its
motivation from basic needs and drives

A

Motivational Dispositions

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5
Q

LESS intensely experienced dispositions
Guides Action
Ex. Styling a particular fashion on the
clothes you wear

A

Stylistic Dispositions

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6
Q

Traits possessed in some degree by all
persons
Ex. Intelligence, Extraversion,
Gregariousness

A

Common Traits

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7
Q

Traits possessed by one or a few persons
Ex. Interest on particular field, such as
Sports, History, etc.

A

Unique Traits

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8
Q

Traits that describe our
skills and how efficiently
we will be able to work
toward our goals
Ex. Intelligence

A

Ability Traits

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9
Q

Traits that describe our
general behavioral
style in responding to
our environment
Ex. Assertiveness,
Irritableness

A

Temperament Traits

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10
Q

Traits that describe our
motivations and interests
Driving forces of behavior

A

Dynamic Traits

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11
Q

Traits that show a correlation but do not
constitute a factor because they are not
determined by a single source
Composed of several elements
Less stable and permanent
Less important in describing personality
Ex.
Anxiety
Indecision
Irrational Fear

A

Surface Traits

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12
Q

Stable and permanent traits that are the
basic factors of personality, derived by
the method of factor analysis

A

Source Traits

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13
Q

Source traits that depend on our
physiological characteristics

A

Constitutional Traits

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14
Q

Source traits that are learned from social
and environmental interactions

A

Environmental –mold Traits

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15
Q

Deductive Method
Self-report Questionnaires
Bipolar Factors Traits
3 personality factors
Types or Super factors

A

EYSENCK

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16
Q

Inductive Method
L-Data, Q-Data, T-Data
(Source Traits, Surface Traits etc)
16 personality factors
Large number of traits

A

CATTEL

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17
Q

Three Bipolar Factors

A

Extraversion – Introversion
Neuroticism – Stability
Psychoticism – Superego Function

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18
Q

Calm, even-tempered, self-satisfied, and unemotional

A

Low on Neuroticism

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19
Q

Anxious, temperamental,
self-pitying, self-conscious, emotional and
vulnerable to stress related disorders

A

High on Neuroticism

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20
Q

Reserved, quiet, loners,
passive, and lacking the
ability to express strong
emotion

A

Low on Extraversion

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21
Q

Affectionate, jovial,
talkative, joiners, and fun-loving

A

High on Extraversion

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22
Q

Conventional, down-to-earth, conservative, and
lack in curiosity

A

Low on Openness

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23
Q

Creative, imaginative,
curious, liberal, and have a
preference for variety

A

High on Openness

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24
Q

Suspicious, stingy,
unfriendly, irritable, and
critical of other people

A

Low on Agreeableness

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25
Q

Trusting, generous,
yielding, acceptant, and
good-natured

A

High on Agreeablenes

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26
Q

Disorganized, negligent,
lazy, and aimless

A

Low on Conscientiousness

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27
Q

Hardworking, punctual,
and persevering

A

High on Conscientiousness

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28
Q

Observation allows people to learn without performing any behavior

A

Observational Learning

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29
Q

The core of observational learning

A

Modelling

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30
Q

unintended meeting of persons unfamiliar to each other

A

Chance Encounter

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31
Q

environmental experience that is unexpected and
unintended

A

Fortuitous Event

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32
Q

People are self-regulating, proactive, self-reflective, and self-organizing and that they have the power to influence their own actions to produce desired consequences

A

Human Agency

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33
Q

To acts a person performs intentionally/purposely

A

Intentionality

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34
Q

To set goals, to anticipate likely outcomes of their actions, and to select behaviors that will produce desired outcomes and avoid undesirable ones

A

Forethought

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35
Q

Process of motivating and regulating own actions

A

Self-reactiveness

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36
Q

Think about and evaluate motivations, values and the meanings of their life goals

A

Self-Reflectiveness

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37
Q

Beliefs of capability to perform actions that will produce a desire effect

A

Self-Efficacy

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38
Q

one’s prediction of the likely consequence of that
behavior

A

Outcome expectations

39
Q

how a person behaves

A

temperament

40
Q

why one behaves

A

Motivation

41
Q

how far or how fast one can perform

A

Ability

42
Q

the largest and most frequently studied of the normal traits are the

A

16 Personality Factors Questionnaire (16 PF Scale)

43
Q

Skinner did not claim that observable behavior is limited to ______. Private behaviors such as thinking, remembering, and anticipating are all observable by the person experiencing them.

A

External Events

44
Q

reinforcing approximation of the targeted behavior until such time that the organism finally do what we intend them to do.

A

Shaping

45
Q

a response to a similar environment in the absence of previous reinforcements. they react to a new situation in the same manner that they reacted to an earlier one because the two situations possess same identical elements.

A

Stimulus Generalization

46
Q

environmental stimuli that are not by nature satisfying but become so because they are associated with such unlearned or primary reinforcers (food, water, sex, or physical comfort)

A

Conditioned Reinforcers

47
Q

associated with more than one primary reinforcer

A

Generalized Reinforcer

48
Q

aka forgetting

A

extinction

49
Q

according to Skinner, human behavior is shaped by three forces:

A

Natural Selection
Cultural Practices
Individual’s history of reinforcement

50
Q

people withdraw from the controlling agent

A

Escape

51
Q

behave more actively, counterattacking the controlling agent.

A

Revolt

52
Q

they are more subtle than those who rebel and more irritating to the controllers than those who rely on escape

A

Passive Resistance

53
Q

learning by observing others

A

Vicarious Learning

54
Q

the people’s shared beliefs that they can bring about change.

A

Collective Efficacy

55
Q

internal factor that increases self-efficacy. priori achievements demonstrate our capabilities and strengthen our feelings of self-efficacy.

A

Mastery Experiences

56
Q

“if they can do it, so can I”

A

Social Modeling

57
Q

involves simply reminding people that they have the ability to achieve whatever they want to achieve, can enhance self-efficacy

A

Social Persuasion

58
Q

the more fear, anxiety, or tension we experience in a given situation, the less we feel able to cope.

A

Physical and Emotional States

59
Q

Overt or Vicarious Modeling

A

Observe

60
Q

Covert or Cognitive Modeling

A

Visualize

61
Q

Enactive Mastery

A

Perform

62
Q

If a particular behavior carries a positive reinforcement value greater than the other, then that behavior has the greatest occurrence potential

A

Behavior Potential

63
Q

college students whose previous hard work has been
reinforced by high grades will have a generalized expectancy of future reward and will work hard in a variety of academic situations

A

Generalized Expectancies

64
Q

Low anxiety, High self-esteem

A

Internal Locus of Control

65
Q

_____ people, who believe that their behaviors and abilities make no difference in the reinforcers they receive, may see little value in exerting any effort to improve their situation

A

External Locus of Control

66
Q

self-imposed goals and self-produced
consequences to control own behavior

A

Self-Regulatory Strategies

67
Q

vast array of information we acquire about the world
and our relationship to it

A

Competencies

68
Q

people’s ways of categorizing information received from external stimuli

A

Encoding Strategies

69
Q

How you view your world
Subjective Reality or World
Outlook on life
Use to Predict Behavior

A

Personal Construct

70
Q

Person as a ____

A

Scientist

71
Q

Permeability or Permeable

A

Fixed

72
Q

We decide how we see our world

A

Constructive Alternativism

73
Q

Fundamental/ Basic Postulate

A

Thinking in Advance

74
Q

Construction Corollary

A

Similarities among events
*Lagi kang tinitingnan nung may crush sayo, kaya pag may laging tumitingin sayo naiisip mo na crush ka nila

75
Q

Individuality Corollary

A

Person differs from each other in their construction of events
Differences among people
*Same experience, different approach

76
Q

Organization Corollary

A

Characteristically evolve for convenience in anticipating events
*Laging cold iniinom mo, so nung pinapili ka kung hot or cold water, you choose hot water

77
Q

Superordinate

A

more important

78
Q

Subordinate

A

less important

79
Q

Dichotomy Corollary

A

dichotomy of constructs
If I do this, then…
black - white

80
Q

Choice Corollary

A

Choice between dichotomies

81
Q

Range Corollary

A

Range of Convenience

82
Q

Comprehensive

A

Applicable to many events

83
Q

Incedental

A

Narrow application

84
Q

Experience Corollary

A

Experience consists of the successive construing of events
Experience Learning

85
Q

Modulation Corollary

A

Adaptation to experience

86
Q

Nonnegotiable

A

Preemptive

87
Q

Stereotyping

A

Constellatory

88
Q

Propositional Construct

A

Open-Minded

89
Q

Fragmentation Corollary or Incompatible Construct

A

Not all Personal Construct are consistent / incompatible

90
Q

Commonality Corollary

A

Similarities among people

91
Q

Sociality Corollary or Social Process

A

Role
teacher - expected to teach

92
Q

Circumspection Phase

A

people consider several constructs
OPTIONS

93
Q

Preemptive Phase

A

person reduces number of constructs
NARROWING

Theories of Personality (3 decks)

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