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Finals Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Observation

A

Is the act of noticing and describing events and processes

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2
Q

Inference

A

Is a logical interpretation of an event

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3
Q

Hypothesis

A

Is a possible scientific explanation that can be tested by further observation or by experimentation

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4
Q

Controlled experiment

A

An experiment ideally changes only one variable

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5
Q

Independent variable

A

The variable that is deliberately changed in an experiment

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6
Q

Dependent variable

A

The variable that is observed and changes in response to the independent variable

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7
Q

Control group

A

Group in an experiment that is exposed to the same condition as the experimental group except for one independent variable

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8
Q

Data

A

Evidence; information gathered from observations

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9
Q

Theory

A

Well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations and hypotheses, and enables scientists to make accurate predications about new situations

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10
Q

Bias

A

A particular preference or point of view that is personal rather than scientific

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11
Q

Experimental group

A

The independent variable is changed

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12
Q

Constants relationship

A

Change in one variable has no effect on the other

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13
Q

Biology

A

Scientific study of life

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14
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism

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15
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Process of reproduction involving a single parents that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent

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16
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid; genetic material that organisms inherit from their parents

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17
Q

Metabolism

A

The combination of chemical reaction through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials

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18
Q

Stimulus

A

Signal to which an organism responds

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19
Q

Homeostasis

A

Relatively constant internal, physical, and chemical conditions that organisms maintain

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20
Q

Evolve

A

Change over time

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21
Q

Qualitative data

A

Are descriptions of events that cannot be measured

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22
Q

Quantitative data

A

Are numbers obtained from counting or measuring

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23
Q

Adaptation

A

the evolutionary process whereby an organism becomes better able to live in its habitat or habitats

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24
Q

Cohesion

A

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

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25
Adhesion
Force of attraction between different kinds of molecules
26
Solution
Type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed
27
Solute
Substance that is dissolved in a solution
28
Solvent
Dissolving substance in a solution
29
Monomer
Small chemical unit that makes up a polymer
30
Polymer
Molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules
31
Carbohydrate
Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is a major source of energy for the body
32
Lipid
Macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes
33
Nucleotide
Subunit of which nucleic acid are composed; made up of a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
34
Nucleic acid
Macromolecules containing. Hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair
35
Protein
Macromolecules that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair
36
Amino acid
Compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end
37
Reactants
Elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction
38
Products
Elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction
39
Catalyst
Substance that speeds up the rate of the chemical reaction
40
Enzymes
Protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions
41
Substrate
Reactant of an enzyme catalyzed reaction
42
Monosaccharide
Single sugar molecules
43
Polysaccharide
Complex carbohydrates formed by joining together many monosaccharides
44
RNA
A type of nucleic acid (ribonucleic acid)
45
DNA
Another type of nucleic acid (deoxyribonucleic acid)
46
Polypeptide
Amino acids are linked by covalent bonds peptide bonds to form it
47
Organic molecules
a complex molecule that is primarily made of carbon atoms bonded with other elements and/or other carbon atoms
48
Triglyerceride
type of fat (lipid) found in your blood
49
Phospholipid
compound lipids, consisting of phosphoric acids, nitrogen base, alcohol and fatty acids
50
Biosphere
Consists of all life on earth and all parts of earth in which life exists
51
Ecology
The scientific study of the interactions between organisms and between organisms and their surroundings
52
Species
A group of organism that breed and produce offspring
53
Population
A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area
54
Community
A group of different populations that live together in a defined area
55
Ecosystem
All of the organisms that live in a place, together with their physical environment
56
Abiotic factor
Any non living part of the environment
57
Biotic factor
Any living art of the environment
58
Autotroph
Organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer
59
Photosynthesis
Process used by plants and other autotroph to capture lights energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy rich carbohydrates such as sugar and starches
60
Chemosynthesis
Process in which chemical energy is used to produce carbohydrates
61
Heterotroph
Organism that obtains food by consuming other living things; also called consumer
62
Consumer
Organism that relies on other organism for its energy and food supply; also called heterptroph
63
Food chain
A series of an ecosystem steps in which organism transfer energy by eating and being eaten
64
Food web
Network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem
65
Ecological, pyramid
Illustration of the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a good chain or food web
66
Biome
the community of plants and animals that occur naturally in an area, often sharing common characteristics specific to that area
67
Exponential growth
Growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at an increasing rate
68
Logistical growth
Growth pattern in which a population’s growth slows and then stops following a period of exponential growth
69
Carrying capacity
Largest number of individuals of a particular species that a particular environment can support
70
Limiting factor
Factor that causes population growth to decrease
71
Habitat
Area where an organism lives including the biotic and abiotic factors that affect it
72
Niche
Full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism use those conditions
73
Resource
Any necessity of life such as water , nutrients, light, food, or space
74
Symbiosis
Relationship in which two species live close together
75
Commensalism
Symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed
76
Mutualism
Symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship
77
Parasitism
A symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it
78
Keystone species
an organism that helps define an entire ecosystem.
79
Predation
a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey
80
Cell
Basic unit of life
81
Cell theory
Fundamental concept of biology that states that all living things are composed of cells; that cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things; and that new cells are produced from existing cells
82
Cell membrane
Thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
83
Eukaryote
Organism whose cells contain a nucleus
84
Prokaryote
Unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus
85
Cytoplasm
Fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus
86
Organelle
Specialized structure that performs importantly cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell
87
Ribosome
Cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; site of protein synthesis
88
Endoplasmic reticulum
Internal membrane system found in eukaryotic cells, place where lipid compounds of the cell membrane are assembled
89
Golgu apparatus
Organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell
90
Vacuole
Cell organism that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
91
Lysosome
Cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can used by the rest of the cell
92
Chloroplast
Cell organelle that converts energy from sunlight into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis
93
Mitochondria
Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
94
Cell wall
Strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in most prokaryotes and some eukaryotes
95
Homeostasis
Relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain
96
Semipermeable
a membrane that only allows certain materials to pass through.
97
Phospholipid bilayer
a layer of two sheets of phospholipids arranged in a membrane.

Biology (20 decks)

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