Chapter 11 Test Flashcards
What events happen during the Anaphase of mitosis?
Sister chromatids separate to the poles
What is the correct order of the phases of mitosis?
PMAT,
Interphase, prophase metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis
DNA begins to coil into chromosome from during what phase of mitosis?
Prophase
DNA begins to uncoil into chromatin form during what phase of mitosis?
Telophase
TRUE OR FALSE
Daughter cells of mitosis are identical to each other
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
Daughter cells of mitosis are identical to the parent cell
TRUE
In which stage of the cell cycle is DNA in chromatin form and therefore NOT visible?
Interphase
Cytokinesis happens after which phase
Telophase
The centrioles are just starting to move apart from each other during what phase?
Prophase
Sister chromatids are separating to either pole during which phase?
Anaphase
A cell spends most of its life in this past of the cell cycle
Interphase, not dividing
Which is the shortest phase of mitosis
Metaphase
Which is the longest phase of mitosis
Prophase
The nuclear membrane dissolves during which phase of mitosis
Prophase
The nuclear membrane reforms during which phase of mitosis>
Telophase
Why does mitosis occur
To make more cells
Because cells get too big for diffusion to work
If the parent cell has 46 chromosomes, how many cells will each daughter cell face
46
If a daughter cells has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each of its daughter have?
46
If a parent cell has 19 chromosomes, how many will each cell have after 2 rounds of mitosis
19
In order to have the same number of chromosomes in daughter cells, who has to occur
DNA has to make copies during Interpahse
What is totipotent
Can differentiate into any type of cell
What is apoptosis
Programmed cell death
What is cyclin
Protein that tells a cell when to divide
What helps to move chromosomes to the side of the cell
Spindle fibers
What would let you know you were watching a PLANT cell undergo mitosis?
Cell plate
Cells undergoing rapid mitosis in cancer form
Tumors
Cancer cells cannot control their
Growth rate
G1 phase is where ————- occurs
Growth
When is chromatin visible in the cell
Interphase
Cells divide because they need a bigger what?
Surface area : volume ratio
A cell with 34 chromosome will produce a daughter cells with
34
This holds sister chromatids together in a chromosome
Centromere
DNA is replicated in at this phase
S-phase
The movement of two new cells separating is called?
Cytokinesis
In this phase, the cell starts to produce materials needed for mitosis later
G2
Chromosomes cannot be seen during S-Phase because the chromosome have not yet —-
Condensed
Special Proteins called ——- monitor a cell’s health
Cyclins
If a cell doesn’t inspection via a cell’s checkpoints, the cell ———
Begins apoptosis
What phase is a cell in for the longest period of time
Interphase
When a cell develops the ability to ignore it’s checkpoints ——— can result
Cancer
If a cell has 45 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will it have after S-phase
45
The stages of M-phase is easy to remember because of the acronym?
PMAT
What factors limit the size of a cell?
The relationship between the surface area:volume
What are the advantages and disadvantages of both sexual and asexual reproduction?
Sexual : adv- genetic variation, which helps species adapt to their environment. Dis: requires the extensive production of gametes, and can include parental care that is costly
Asexual : Adv - requires on parents and it is fast reproduction. Dis - lack of genetic diversity
What are chromosomes?
Structures that contain the cell’s genetic material DNA
What is the cell cycle
Series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
Interphase
Time for growth, DNA replication and prep for mitosis
Mitosis
Division of the nucleus
Which phases of the cell cycle fall under interphase
G1, S, G2
Which phase of the cell cycle fall under Mitosis
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
What happens in the G1 phase
Growth of cell
What happens during S phase
Replication of DNA
What happens in G2 phase
Preparation for mitosis
What happens for M phase
Division of nucleus
What happens in Prophase
Nuclear membrane breaks down spindle fiber appear chromatin condense to chromatid chromosomes
Metaphase
Chromosomes line up in the middle of
What happens in anaphase
Chromatids separate to opposite pole of cell
What happens in telophase
Nuclear membrane reforms spindle fibers disappear, chromatid > chromatin
What happens during cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm forming 2 new cells separating
How does mitosis maintain the chromosome number of the original cells when forming new cells?
Replicates during S-phase of Interphase to make sure new daughter cells have proper number of chromosome
Name two types of proteins that regulate the cell cycle. How do these proteins work?
Cyclins- promote mitosis (internal)
Growth factors - speed up/slow down cell cycle
Why is cancer considered a disease of the cell cycle
Cancer results when cells grow and divide uncontrollably. This happens when cell cycle disrupted
How might a drug that alter events in mitosis in the cell cycle be useful for treating cancer
It might stop or slow down cancer cells from reproducing and spreading
What happens during differentiation
Cells develop from embryonic stem cells into different types of cells that will conduct different tasks in different parts of the body
What are stem cells? How are embryonic stem cells different from adult stem cell?
Unspecialized cells that give rise to differentiated cells. Emb.- found in developing embryo + can turn into any cell
Why is cell differentiation essential for every complex multicellular organism?
A complex multicellular organism performs many different life functions and tasks. Different kinds of cells perform different functions
