FINALS - UNIT 4 Flashcards
___ related to the functions of the body
and all its parts, including cells, tissues and
organs.
PHYSIOLOGY
____ system consists of skin
and skin appendages, including:
• Hair
• —
• Horns
• Sebaceous glands
• —
INTEGUMENTARY
NAILS
SWEAT GLANDS
____ act as a protective layer against disease, infection, the sun, and other potentially harmful elements.
SKIN
Outer layer of skin, no blood cells.
Superficial covering of __ tissue.
Inner layer of the skin contains bv, lv, ng, etc.
___ layer of dense, irregular connective tissue.
EPIDERMIS
STRATIFIED EPITHELIAL
DERMIS
DEEPER
Modified extension, 7 types
__ goats, horses, cattle.
__ sheep
__ poultry
^ composed of protein etc to reg body temp.
Small bundle of smooth muscle fibers.
Stimulated to contract involuntary by ___.
Hair standing=___=___.
SKIN
hair, scales, hoofs, feathers, claws, horns, nails.
HAIR
WOOL
FEATHERS
ARRECTOR PILI
NERVOUS SYSTEM
TRAPS AIR
WARM BODY TEMP
Sweat and sebaceous
Secrete oil
Release water
GLANDS
SEBACEOUS GLANDS
SWEAT GLANDS
In the dermis, detects touch, pain, heat/cold.
Sense heat, cold, & touch.
Respond to very light pressure
Detect pressure
Sensitive to touch
SENSORY RECEPTORS
FREE NERVE ENDINGS
MARKEL CELLS
PACCINIAN CORPUSCLES
MEISSNER’S CORPUSCLES
Framework of the body.
Made up of bones and connective tissue.
Provides structural support.
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Protects the brain
Protects the lungs
Protects spinal cord
SKULL
RIBS
VERTEBRAE
Works in conjunction with the muscle.
Bones coming off the midline of the body (ex).
Bones on the midline of the body(ex).
SKELETON
APPENDICULAR SKELETON (forelegs-arms, hind-legs, bone-pelvic region)
AXIAL SKELETON (skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum)
Has 4 classes
Found in vertebral column.
Supporting column.
Diffuse conclusion.
Protect the body’s organs
BONES
IRREGULAR BONES
LONG BONES (limbs)
SHORT BONES (knee hock joint)
FLAT BONES
Made up of organic and inorganic.
Mostly ___ phosphate, hardness.
Mostly ___, flexibility.
Inner core, soft tissue.
Yellow fat.
Outer portion, red tissue.
BONES
INORGANIC-TRICALCIUM
ORGANIC-COLLAGEN
BONE MARROW
YELLOW MARROW
RED MARROW
Formed from cartilage.
Process-
Bone forming cells. Develop into ___/ mature bone cells .
__ ossification, occurs at metaphyseal GR.
__ ossification, occurs at epiphyseal GR.
BONES
ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION
OSTEOBLASTS
OSTEOCYTES
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
Binds tissues together.
Connect bone 2 bone.
Attach to muscle 2 bone.
Found at ends of bones (acts as cushion)
Makes up body parts(ears).
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
LIGAMENTS
TENDONS
HYALINE CARTILAGE
ELASTIC CARTILAGE
Provides cushion.
Location between skin & underlying muscle/bone.
Attached to the skin.
Bottom layer.
FIBROCARTILAGE
FASCIA
SUPERFICIAL FASCIA
DEEP FASCIA
Articulations (unions) between bones
Has 3 types
Shoulder
Ribs
Suture joints
JOINTS
FIBROUS, CARTAGINOUS, SYNOVIAL
HIGHLY MOVABLE
PARTIALLY MOVABLE
IMMOVABLE
8 Synovial joints movements
GLIDING
FLEXION
ROTATION
ABDUCTION
ADDUCTION
EXTENSION
HYPEREXTENSION
CIRCUMDUCTION
Conjunction with the skeletal system
Function-
Activation method-
Physiology-
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
SKELETAL, VISCERAL/CARDIAC.
VOLUNTARY/INVOLUNTARY.
SMOOTH, STRIATED/UNSTRAINED.
Striated voluntary muscle, movement of skeleton.
Smooth involuntary unstrained muscle, found in digestive organs.
Involuntary striated muscle, found in heart.
SKELETAL MUSCLE
VISCERAL MUSCLE
CARDIAC MUSCLE
MOVEMENT
Flexes/shortens
Extends/lengthens
Known as __
Muscle that work together to perform movement.
Works in pairs
NO CONTRACTS
RELAXES
ANTAGONISM
SYNERGISTS
Pull limbs toward median plane (__)
Move limbs away from medial plane(__)
Increase angle(__)
Decrease angle between 2 lever bones when they contract(__)
ADDUCTOR MUSCLES (pectoralis major)
ABDUCTION MUSCLES (deltoids)
EXTENSOR MUSCLES (triceps)
FLEXOR MUSCLES (biceps)
ATTACHMENT
___ is on the most stable movable bone.
___ is on the more movable bone.
POINT OF ORIGIN
INSERTION POINT
Made up of bundles of fibers/cells.
These bundles of fibers lie parallel making the muscle appear ___.
Individual muscle fibers made up of bundle of __ enclosed in series of ___.
Made up of thick filaments of ___ and thin ___.
STRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
STRIPED OR STRIATED
MYOFIBRILS=SACROMERES
MYOSIN=ACTIN
Muscle contraction
Individual sacromere contracts
Comes primarily from non-protein sources
Glycogen and body fats.
SLIDING FILAMENT ACTION
SLIDING MYOSIN FILAMENT AND ACTIN
MUSCLE CONTRACTION (ENERGY USED)
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE = ATP
