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Biology > Finals Study Questions > Flashcards

Finals Study Questions Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

3 parts of the Cell theory

A
  1. all living things are composed of cells
  2. cells are basic unit of structure and function in all living things
  3. all cells come from preexisting cells
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2
Q

How would you recognize a prokaryotic cell under a microscope?

A

They do not have a nucleus

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3
Q

What does a nucleus do?

A

contains and stores DNA

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4
Q

What is the relationship between the nucleus and the cytoplasm?

A

the cytoplasm surrounds and suspends nucleus

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5
Q

organelle that breaks down other organelles and other cells

A

lysosomes

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6
Q

organelle that stores salts and water

A

vacuoles

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7
Q

what structure makes proteins and where are they made?

A

makes proteins: ribosomes
made in: nucleolus

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8
Q

organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

A

golgi apparatus

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9
Q

organelle that converts chemical energy in food to compounds that the cell can use to make energy

A

mitochondria

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10
Q

two organelles that are involved in energy conversion

A

mitochondria & chloroplasts

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11
Q

How is cell wall different from cell membrane?

A

every cell has a cell membrane but not a cell wall

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12
Q

primary functions of the cell membrane

A

-regulates what enters and leaves the cell
-supports & protects the cell

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13
Q

Where are protein synthesizers made and where are most of them located?

A

made in: Nucleolus
located in: Rough ER & Cytoplasm

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14
Q

largest structure in a plant cell

A

central vacuole

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15
Q

movement of materials across the cell membrane without using cellular energy

A

passive transport

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16
Q

process by which molecules of a substance move from areas of high concentration of that substance to areas of lower concentration

A

diffusion

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17
Q

molecules that cannot directly diffuse across the membrane pass through special protein channels

A

facilitated diffusion

18
Q

the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

A

osmosis

19
Q

the concentration of solute molecules is the same inside and outside the cell

A

isotonic solution

20
Q

the solution has a higher solute concentration than solute concentration inside the cell

A

hypertonic solution

21
Q

the solution has a lower solute concentration than solute concentration inside the cell

A

hypotonic solution

22
Q

movement of molecules against a concentration difference from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

A

active transport

23
Q

a vesicle form that large molecules, clumps of food or complete cells can be surrounded by and then forms a vacuole to pull item into cell

A

Endocytosis

24
Q

the forcing out of substances from the cell membrane using vacuoles and vesicles

A

Exocytosis

25
Q

large solids are taken into the cell

A

Phagocytosis

26
Q

large liquids are taken into the cell

A

Pinocytosis

27
Q

group of similar cells that perform a similar function

A

tissue

28
Q

group of tissues that work together

A

organ

29
Q

group of organs that work to complete the system

A

organ system

30
Q

to respond a cell must have a ________ that the signal binds to

A

receptor

31
Q

what has to be true in order for diffusion to occur?

A

-areas of different concentrations
-equilibrium must be reached

32
Q

what happens to a blood cell when placed in hypertonic solution?

A

cell will shrivel because of loss of osmotic pressure

33
Q

what happens to a red blood cell when placed in isotonic solution?

A

the blood cell will remain the same because osmotic pressure remains the same

34
Q

what happens to a red blood cell when placed in hypotonic solution?

A

the blood cell will lyse(explode) due to increase in osmotic oressure

35
Q

no change in solution concentration level in the cell or solution

A

equilibrium

36
Q

ATP consists of:

A

an adenine
5 carbon sugar (ribose)
3 phosphate groups

37
Q

____________ is released when the bond between the second and third phosphate groups is broken

A

energy

38
Q

what happens when the third phosphate group brakes off from the second phosphate group

A

it creates ADP

39
Q

light absorbing molecules

A

photosynthetic pigments

40
Q

where are chlorophyll pigments found

A

in thylakoid membrane

41
Q

When chlorophyll absorbs light energy it causes the electrons to _______________.

A

become energized

42
Q

compound that can accept a pair of high energy electrons and transfer them, along with most of their energy, to another molecule

A

electron carrier (NADP+)

Biology (9 decks)

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