Ch. 20 Viruses

Question 1

What is a virus?

Answer 1

a nonliving particle made of proteins, nucleic acids, and sometimes lipids

Question 2

Describe the basic structure of a virus

Answer 2

made of proteins, nucleic acids such as DNA or RNA, and sometimes, lipids

Question 3

What surrounds all viruses? What is it made of?

Answer 3

Capsid-Protein coat that surrounds a virus

Question 4

What does a virus have inside that has the instructions for making copies of the virus?

Answer 4

RNA or DNA but never both

Question 5

TRUE OR FALSE
Viruses only come in 3 shapes, 3 sizes, and 2 structures

Answer 5

FALSE many shapes, many sizes and many structures

Question 6

What is on the outside of a virus that acts as identifiers?

Answer 6

proteins

Question 7

What do specific proteins on the outside of a virus do? Why do they do this?

Answer 7

Act as identifiers, these protein identifiers recognize proteins and bind to specific protein receptors on a cell

Question 8

Most viruses infect a ____________ of cell.

Answer 8

specific type

Question 9

What are viruses that only infect bacteria called?

Answer 9

bacteriophages

Question 10

Why are viruses not living?

Answer 10

Because they cannot reproduce on their own

Question 11

What are the two types of viral infections?

Answer 11

Lytic & Lysogenic

Question 12

What does it mean to lyse the cell?

Answer 12

The cell bursts open releasing the virus particles
Burst open the cell membrane

Question 13

Which of the two viruses automatically begins chopping up the host cell’s DNA?

Answer 13

Lytic

Question 14

Which viral infection never leaves your body? Why?

Answer 14

-Lysogenic because it incorporates the viral DNA into the HOST DNA

-because the cell copies its own DNA and the viral material for generations and lives in union

Question 15

What is a prophage?

Answer 15

Viral DNA that is incorporated into the Host DNA

Question 16

What are the two ways that viruses cause diseases?

Answer 16

The virus directly destroys the host
The virus affects cellular processes that upset homeostasis

Question 17

What are two ways we can prevent viruses?

Answer 17

Receive Vaccinations-injection of a weakened, or a similar but less dangerous, pathogen to produce immunity. Vaccination is an injection of a vaccine

Practicing Personal hygiene- washing hands, taking showers, not sharing certain. Keep fingers off face and mouth because fingers touch so many things so we would be preventing ingesting the virus

Question 18

What treatments do we have for viruses? Explain what is used and what they do

Answer 18

-Use of antiviral drugs, they attack specific viral enzymes that the host cell does not have. They help give speed recovery or stop activation

-Tamiflu works by blocking the enzyme that flu viruses need to multiply and help diminish severity of flu symptoms

Question 19

What does a virus have to have to survive? Why?

Answer 19

Has to have living host. They cannot reproduce on their own and solely rely on the host´s cellular mechanisms.