Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

M.I > Finals Review > Flashcards

Finals Review Flashcards

1
Q

Gram positive versus gram-negative bacteria

A
  • -has thick outer membrane, thin peptidoglycsn
    + Has no outer membrane, thick peptidoglycsn
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Purpose of heat bath cell lysis step transformation lab

A

Weaken cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Purpose of freezing cell lysis step transformation lab

A

Expand cytoplasm to break cell open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Purpose of centrifuge cell lysis step transformation lab

A

Separate protein from cell debris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Column chromatography gfp isolation step of cell transformation lab

A

Gfp is large and does not get stuck in pores unlike other proteins gets caught and well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

SDS page / reading gel isolation step of cell transformation lab

A

Small proteins go to bottom, electrical current moves it, more than one band means gfp was not isolated. Measure distance moved from the top then chart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Denatured DNA

A

Chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nature DNA

A

Folded up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Free genetic info is taken into the cell from the environment

A

Transformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Exchange of genetic info between two bacteria

A

Conjugation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Agent transfers DNA between two bacteria

A

Transduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

BLAST

A

Put in the DNA sequence, says top matches. Use evalue and percent identity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

E value

A

Chance of a random match should be 0 or negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Percent identity

A

Percent that matches the sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mutation

A

Mutated genes become resistant and pass on

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Destroys the antibiotic for resistance

A

Inactivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pumps out the antibiotic

A

Efflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ELISA

A

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. If a person has the disease. Antigen attaches to the DNA in the well, rest is washed out. Then add primary antigens, wash unbound out. Then add 2nd antibody. Add substrate to see color change, brighter color is higher concentration of bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Killed virus, polio

A

Inactivated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Living weakened virus, mmr, chicken pox

A

Live antennuated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Uses part of a Target pathogen to cause response, hepatitis b, shingles

A

Subunit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

mRNA enters the body, cells reveal the code for protein to trigger immune response, covid

A

mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Uses toxins from bacteria, DTaP, tetanus

A

Toxoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Prevent cross-linking in formation of peptidoglycan layer

A

Beta-lactans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Blocks TRNA binding sites, disrupts protein synthesis

A

Tetracycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

DNA gyrase is blocked, no unwinding of DNA prevents replication

A

Fluroquiniones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Blocks the enzyme to prevent folic acid

A

Sulfonamids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Hearing aids how they work in pros and cons

A

Uses a microphone, amplifier and speaker. Helps sensorial neuro hair cell damage, less severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Cochlear implants how they work and pros and cons

A

Receive sound and sends through currents near auditory nerve, then signals brain. Used for a severe to profound hearing loss, for people who don’t benefit from hearing aids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How to read audiograms

A

X- left
O- right
[ ]- bone conductive hearing loss
Mixed, problems with conductive and sensory neural, will have a mix of both the brackets being low and the left and rights being low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Types of hearing loss

A

0-20 normal
21 - 40 mild
41-55 moderate
56-70 moderate severe
71-90 severe
90 + profound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Conductive versus sensory neural

A

Conductive is something physically blocks path of sound waves, bones, clogged up attaching tube

Sensorneural is when the sound waves are not being processed correctly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

PCR

A

Polymerase chain reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Shorts sequence of DNA, complementary to Target sequence

A

Primer

35
Q

Thermal cycler

A

Primers attached to open strand, makes New strand from template

36
Q

Go through and copy DNA until a fluorescent nucleotide. Lasers read the colors and show it in the tube, represents bases

A

Cycle sequencing

37
Q

Bones of ear

A

Malleus, incus, stapes , transmit vibrations to oval window

38
Q

Eardrum, transmits vibrations to ossicles

A

Tympanic membrane

39
Q

Translate waves into electric signals and sends down auditory nerve

A

Cochlea

40
Q

Contains fluids that regulates pressure and helps with balance

A

Semicircular canals

41
Q

Drains fluids and regulates pressure

A

Etachian tube

42
Q

E coli growth on lb agar

A

E coli 1 and 2 both resistant because no antibiotic

43
Q

E coli growth on lb and streptomycin

A

E coli one is resistant, e coli 2 is sensitive

44
Q

E coli 1 and to resistance on lb and ampicillin

A

E coli one is sensitive, ecoli 2 is resistant

45
Q

E coli 1 and 2 on lb streptomycin and ampicillin

A

Both e coli one and two are sensitive

46
Q

Contains DNA in bacteria

A

Nucleoid

47
Q

Protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

48
Q

Circular pieces of DNA that communicates genetic info to other bacteria

A

Plasmid

49
Q

Regulates entrance and exit of bacteria

A

Plasma membrane

50
Q

Shapes the cell

A

Cell wall

51
Q

Helps protect bacteria

A

Capsule

52
Q

Enables movement of bacteria

A

Flagella

53
Q

Adheres to surfaces

A

Pili

54
Q

What does sensitive mean

A

Killed by antibiotics

55
Q

How do vaccines work

A

Part of the pathogen is put into a body, antibodies in the body recognize the foreign antigens and stimulate an immune response. Memory cells afterwards remember the cells to destroy them faster

56
Q

Vaccines cause autism

A

Antigens found in autistic and non-autistic kids were the same

57
Q

Infants can’t handle so many vaccinations at once

A

Kids are exposed to thousands of germs everyday, only takes up a small fraction of the immune response

58
Q

Vaccines are needed because disease rates are low

A

If too many people do that herd immunity will be lost, everyone not vaccinated increases the risk of disease

59
Q

Vaccines contain unsafe toxins

A

None unless you do large amounts, contains metals normally found in body

60
Q

Sanitation and hygiene car the reason for disease

A

Sanitation and hygiene only stopped the spread vaccines keep you from getting sick and reduces the impact

61
Q

General response that attacks and neutralizes pathogens regardless of what they are

A

Innate immunity

62
Q

Targets specific pathogens

A

Adaptive immunity

63
Q

A antigens b antibodies

A

A

64
Q

B antigens a antibodies

A

B

65
Q

Ab antigens no antibodies

A

Ab

66
Q

No antigens ab antibodies

A

O

67
Q

Organ allocations

A

Nota funds opt, no selling organs, give to how long, no socioeconomic status

68
Q

Transformation lab purpose of cacl2

A

Neutralizes DNA so can enter plasmid

69
Q

Transformation lab purpose of heat shock

A

Opens pores so plasmid can enter

70
Q

Transformation lab plate growth

A

-,lb- lawn growth
-, lb and amp - no growtb
+, lb and amp - colonies
+, lb amp and jpjg- glowing colonies

71
Q

Structures are not directly linked to the transmission of sound

A

Vestibular nerve
Semicircular canal
Round window
Etachian tube

72
Q

Cycle sequencing steps

A

DNA strands separated
Primers attached
DNA template is added to solution
Add adds free nucleotides until reaches fluorescent
Runs through electrophoresis
Laser transfers color to computer
Order of bases are represented by colored peaks

73
Q

What type of hearing loss is it when bone conduction is 2x as long as air conduction

A

Conductive

74
Q

What is true of molecular sieve

A

Contains different sized pores
Smaller proteins get caught in pores and take longer to pass through

75
Q

What helps copy DNA

A

Primers

76
Q

Results of not adding lysis buffer transformation lab

A

Phospholipid bilayer remains strong
Gfp is not released from cell
Gfp is in pellet

77
Q

What happens after skipping incubation period after recovering bath in transformation lab

A

Cells without plasmid grow on ampicillin plate
Cells that were not transformed (meaning did not get plasmid) grow on ampicillin plate

78
Q

Protein electrophoresis versus DNA electrophoresis

A

Proteins are separated by weight
Polyacrylamide gel
Goes through vertically

79
Q

How does heat shock help in transformation lab

A

Increases the chance the membrane will be permeable

80
Q

Vertical separation of proteins through gel with tiny pores

A

SDS page

81
Q

Methods of separating components by filtering

A

Molecular sieve matrix

82
Q

Separating components by filtering

A

Chromatography

83
Q

Steps of Eliza

A

Make standard curve
Add antigens for positive control
Fill Wells with patient samples
Rinse out antigens
Add primar, rinse
Add secondary antibody, rinse
Add substrate and compare colors

84
Q

Symptoms of bacterial meningitis

A

Fever lethargy stiff neck

M.I (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions