FINALS PT2 Flashcards
Larger area of exposure=
LOWER TOLERANCE
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE TO HEAT
● Vasodilation of peripheral blood vessels
● Increase blood flow (to injured body part)
● Increase supply of oxygen
● Decrease blood viscosity
● Increase tissue metabolism
● Improve circulation
PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE TO COLD
● Vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels
● Decrease blood circulation
● Decrease capillary permeability
● Delayed re-absorption of fluid
● Increase coagulation of blood
● ↑ Cardiac Output and Pulse Rate
● Sweating
● ↓ Blood Pressure
HEAT
● ↑ Blood Pressure
● Shivering
● Goosebumps
COLD
● Responds to signals from the thermal receptors.
● Controls body temperature.
● Thermoregulatory center in the brain.
HYPOTHALAMUS
Dissipate heat -
Conserve heat -
ANTERIOR HYPOTHALAMUS
POSTERIOR HYPOTHALAMUS
No direct application to skin
common form of dry heat used at home.
HOT WATER BOTTLE OR BAGS
It is a rubber pad of tubular construction that can
be filled with distilled water, an electrical unit
heats the water and keeps it at an even
temperature.
AQUATHERMIA PAD / K PAD
● This provides constant and even heat.
● It has wires that provide heat and should be
covered by rubber or plastic to ensure safety.
ELECTRIC HEATING PAD
It is a gooseneck lamp containing a 60-watt bulb,
applied 18-24 inches from the body.
HEAT LAMP
● Commercially prepared and disposable.
● Instructions depending on the manufacturer.
HOT PACKS
A metal cradle in which several electric sockets are
installed for a 25-watt luminous bulb, applied 18
inches away from the patient.
HEAT CRADLE
● Gel-filled hot packs are available commercially
and are reusable.
● Be certain to read the manufacturer’s
instructions.
GEL-FILLED HOT PACKS
Similar to the waterflow heating pad except that it
is of blanket size.
THERMAL BLANKET
● Deep heat treatment.
● Electrical energy is changed to heat similar to the
principle underlying the microwave.
DIATHERMY
A form of local moist heat application done with
compress cloth.
WARM COMPRESS APPLICATION
Means of applying tepid or hot water to the pelvic
or rectal area. Clients are placed in a tub filled with
sufficient water to reach the umbilicus.
SITZ BATH
Immersion of a body area into warm water or a
medicated solution.
WARM SOAKS
● Filled either with ice chips or with alcohol based
solution.
ICE BAGS/ICE COLLARS/ICE GLOVES
Available commercially and reusable.
GEL-FILLED COLD PACKS
● Commonly referred to as hypothermia blanket.
● The blanket cools the patient to the desired body
temperature and maintains that level.
THERMAL BLANKET (COOLING)
A form of local, moist cold application done with
compress cloth.
COLD COMPRESS APPLICATION
● Used to lower temperature
● Heat dissipates both by heat conduction and
evaporation.
COLD SPONGE BATH
● Ideally used for defecation of clients who are unable
to use a commode or comfort room due to physical
impairment
● Also used by female clients for urination
BEDPAN
the ability to control movements
of the bowels and bladder
Continence
has a low back and is
used for people who are unable to raise their
buttocks because of physical problems or
therapy that contraindicates such movements
Slipper/Fracture Pan
A plastic or metal receptacle for urine used by
males.
URINAL
refers to the cleansing of the external genitalia,
perineum, and surrounding area
can be provided alone or as part of the bed bath
PERINEAL-GENITAL CARE
For FEMALES:
PERINEAL CARE POSITION
back-lying (lithotomy)
position with the knees flexed and spread
well apart
For MALES:
PERINEAL CARE POSITION
supine position with
knees slightly flexed and hips slightly
externally rotated.
● refers to the removal of hair from the skin surface
● males often shave to remove facial hair and women
may shave to remove leg and axillary hair
● operative procedures may also require skin
preparation for shaving an area of the body
SHAVING
● is a procedure performed before birth in order to
lessen the risk of infection if there is a spontaneous
perineal tear or if an episiotomy is performed
● to lessen the risk of infection
PERINEAL SHAVING
a cut (incision) through the area
between your vaginal opening and your anus.
called the perineum
done to make your vaginal opening larger for
childbirth.
EPISIOTOMY
● Introduction of the catheter through the urethra into
the urinary bladder.
Urine flows down through catheter to empty the
bladder of urine.
CATHETER > URETHRA > URINARY BLADDER
URINARY CATHETERIZATION
-urine left in the bladder
Residual Urine
Commonly made of Rubber or Plastic although
they may be made of from Latex, Silicon or
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
CATHETER
● Has a plastic,
rubber, and
silicon type
● Used for a short
period of time
Straight Robinson
● Third end is for
continuous
irrigation of fluid
● Urologist is the
one who inserts
Three-way Foley
Catheter
● Has a rubber and
silicon type
● Other end is
connected to the
drainage bag
● Other is injected
with sterile water
Foley/Retention/
Indwelling Catheter
● Coude means “bent”
● The tip is bent
Coude Catheter
CATHETER SIZES
CHILDREN:
ADULT:
Fr: #8 or #10
Fr: #14, #16, & #18
BALLOON SIZES
CHILDREN:
ADULT:
3 mL balloon
10 mL balloon to
facilitate optimal
urine drainage
commonly used to achieve
hemostasis of the prostatic area following a
prostatectomy.
30 mL balloon
Solution introduced into the rectum and large
intestine.
It distends large intestine and irritates the
intestinal mucosa thereby increasing peristalsis
and the excretion of feces and flatus.
ENEMA
Stimulates
peristalsis by
irritating the rectum
and colon or by
distending the
intestine with the
volume of fluid
introduced.
Cleansing Enema
Given to clean as
much of the colon
as possible.
● High volume enema
● 1000 ml of a
solution
High Cleansing
Enema
Used to clean the
rectum and sigmoid
colon only.
Most likely used
when there is only a
specific location to
be cleansed.
Low Cleansing
Enema
Primarily given to
expel flatus.
Carminative Enema
Thin, soft tube made of silicon/rubber that is passed
through the nose, down through the throat, and into
the stomach.
Used to deliver food or medicine to the stomach for
people who have difficulty eating or swallowing.
NASOGASTRIC TUBE
Introduces oil or
medication into the
rectum and sigmoid
colon.
Used for longer
absorption and
retention.
Retention Enema
● Single lumen
tube
● Designed to be
passed into the
stomach or
duodenum
through the nose
LEVINE TUBE
● Double lumen
tube
● Safer continuous
and intermittent
gastric suctioning
SALEM SUMP TUBE
● A colorless, odorless, tasteless gas.
● Slightly heavier than air
● Essential for life
Considered as a drug
OXYGEN
Administration of oxygen at a concentration
greater than that found in the environmental
atmosphere at >21%
OXYGEN THERAPY
A decrease in the arterial oxygen
tension in the blood
Hypoxemia
Insufficient oxygen anywhere in the
body.
Hypoxia
Regulates oxygen pressure
Allows delivery of oxygen to the patient at flow
rates between 1 - 15 Ipm
Includes:
○ Pressure gauge
○ Pressure-reducing
REGULATOR
Indicates how much oxygen remains in the
cylinder
Full tank
○ at least 2,000 pounds per square inch
(psi)
Empty
○ > 500 psi
PRESSURE GAUGE
● Adds water vapor to inspired air
● Provides 20% to 40% humidity
● Protects mucous membranes from drying &
becoming irritated
● Loosens secretions for easier expectoration
HUMIDIFIER
