FINALS PT1 Flashcards
the science of health and its
maintenance.
HYGIENE
the self-care by which
individuals attend to such functions as bathing,
Personal hygiene
Factors that affect an individuals hygiene practices
include:
- Culture
- Religion
- Environment
- Developmental Level
- Health and Energy
- Personal Preference
● Generally part of a patient’s bath.
● Uses NSS or a special solution or eye drop
prescribed by the physician.
EYE CARE
Wipe with a piece of cotton from
inner to outer canthus.
OBJECTIVE EYE CARE FOR COMATOSE PATIENTS
To keep the areas of the cornea that are exposed to
the air moist, thereby preventing inflammation and
ulceration
Ear care is best done WHEN?
fter a bath using a cotton
pledget
If a wax plug is present in the patient’s ear
lubricate it with baby oil and use an ear syringe or bobby pins for removal.
● The best way to clean the nose is through blowing
gently with both nostrils open.
● Crust on the external nares can be softened and
removed with the help of mineral oil or cottonseed
oil.
NOSE CARE
Oral Hygiene includes:
- Daily stimulation of the gums
- Mechanical scrubbing of the teeth
- Flushing of the mouth
ORAL PURPOSES
● To prevent bacterial infection
● To prevent formation of sores
● To promote cleanliness, comfort and health
● To enable the patient to articulate distinctly thus
requiring less effort to make himself understood.
PROVIDING ORAL HYGIENE FOR AN ABLE PATIENT
- Place in sitting position
- Arrange articles conveniently for use
- After care
The purpose of nail care is to
prevent injury and provide comfort.
CRITICAL ELEMENTS OF CLEANING AND
TRIMMING NAILS
- Assess clients for impaired circulation to the
extremities. - Determine agency policy regarding nail care
with impaired circulation of extremities. - Soak thick nails before trimming /filing them.
- Trim nails across & shape with a file for patients
with impaired circulation.
A procedure of arranging the bed sheets and
other bedding on a bed, to prepare it for patient
use.
BED MAKING
Corners of the bed sheet should be _____
neatly.
mitred
★ Provides comfort and
support in all different
sleeping positions of
client.
★ Offers pressure relief,
and reduces pressure
on the spine.
Foam
★ Provides extra support
for lower back and
neck.
★ Reduces heat
build-up.
Gel
★ Helps to prevent
pressure sore in the
buttocks, elbows,
back, and hips.
★ Promotes blood flow
and stimulates
circulation in the
body.
Air
Relieves pressure
points and reduces
back and spine pain
Commonly used for
patients who are
prone to pressure
sores.
Water
Helps to prevent
pressure sore in the
buttocks, elbows,
back, and hips.
Gel and Air Pressure
Mattress
★ Bottom sheet and Top sheet - Both folded vertically.
★ Loose end should not face the door
UNOCCUPIED BED
● To provide a bed which the patient can be quickly
placed after surgery
● To provide comfort and warmth
Pillows are not used.
POSTOPERATIVE BED
● Made and designed
to protect the sheets
from dust
★ Bed is ready for a new
patient.
Closed Bed
Used when a client is
able to get out of bed
or to be occupied by
a client.
Open Bed
- To conserve the clients energy.
- To promote client’s comfort.
- To provide a clean, neat environment for the
client. - To provide a smooth, wrinkle-free bed
foundation, thus minimizing sources of skin
irritation.
OCCUPIED BED
Lengthwise Folding; Good to Good
Bottom Sheet
Lengthwise Folding; Wrong to Wrong
Top Sheet
Crosswise Folding; Good to Good
Rubber Sheet
Crosswise Folding; Good to Good
Draw Sheet
Miter the Top (Head) Part -
Miter the Bottom (Feet) Part -
Bottom Sheet
Top Sheet
Smooth and can’t feel the stitch -
Rough and can feel the stitch -
Good/Right Side
Bad/Wrong Side
- To freshen bed and make it possible to turn
mattress when patient is out of bed - To provide an opportunity to check the
condition of the equipment of the unit in order
that necessary repairs can be made. - A part of the procedure when discharging the
patient.
BED STRIPPING
To remove transient microorganisms, body
secretions and excretions, and dead skin cells
To stimulate circulation
BATHING
stimulate our blood vessels to dilate
which increases blood flow
Warm bath
Used for hygiene purposes -
Given for physical effect (treat skin) and need
physician’s order -
Cleansing Bath
Therapeutic Bath
● Nurse washes the
ENTIRE BODY of a
dependent client
● Totally dependent to
nurse but still has
consciousness
● Cephalocaudal
- head to toe
Complete Bed Bath
Client is unable to
bathe themselves
and the nurse assist
the client, minimally
Self-help Bed Bath
Washes only the
body part that
cause discomfort or
odor: face, hands,
axillae, and perineal
area
Partial
Commercially
prepared product
that contains about
10-12 pre-soaped
disposable
washcloths that
contain solution
Bag
● Uses warmed
regular towels
For clients with
dementia and
bedridden clients
Towel
● Preferred than bed
baths because it is
easier to wash and
rinse
● Used for therapeutic
baths
Tub
● For newborn
Sponge
● Ambulatory clients
● Minimal assistance
with aid of shower
chair (has a
commode seat for
perineal area
Shower
● Bathing in
temperature of
45-46°C
● Helps to relieve
muscle soreness
and spasm
Hot Water Tub Bath
● Warm water with
temperature of
43°C
● Helps to relieve
muscle tension
Warm Water Tub
Bath
Tepid water with
temperature of
37°C
Cool Water/Tepid
Sponge Bath
● Water with
temperature of
18-32°C
● For clients with very
high temperature
over 40°C
Cooling/Cool Sponge
Bath
● Local application of water or a medicated solution
● Can remove dead tissue or soften encrusted
secretions
SOAK
Cleanse and reduces inflammation of the perineal
and anal areas
- Undergone rectal or vaginal surgeries
- Postpartum Patients
- With local or rectal irritation (hemorrhoids or
fissures)
43-45°C
SITZ BATH
more effective in relieving pain in the
postpartum period
Cold Sitz Bath
HOT AND COLD APPLICATION USES
● Therapeutic
● Comfort
● Rehabilitation
● Stimulates blood circulation
● Cleans the hair and increases the client’s sense of
well-being
HAIR SHAMPOOING
FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN SAFE APPLICATION
● Age
● Circulatory or neurologic deficiencies
● Level of Consciousness
● Amount of body fats
● Condition of the skin (in the area being treated)
● Patient’s diagnosis
at the time the
maximum therapeutic effects of hot or cold
application is achieved and the opposite effects
begin.
Rebound phenomenon
CONTINUATION OF HEAT APPLICATION BEYOND
30-45 MINUTES
May result to tissue congestion, vasoconstriction,
and client’s at risk of burn.
CONTINUATION OF COLD APPLICATION BELOW 15
DEGREES CELSIUS
May result in vasodilation, which is protective and
prevents freezing of body tissues.
PROLONGED COLD APPLICATION
May result to
impaired circulation
cell deprivation
subsequent tissue damage due to lack of oxygen and nourishment.
SIGNS OF TISSUE DAMAGE
● Bluish and mottled skin appearance
● Numbness
● Stiffness
● Pallor
● Sometimes blister and pain
Smaller area + Shorter exposure =
BETTER TOLERANCE
