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Cognition > Finals part 1 > Flashcards

Finals part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

memory for highly emotional events often seem to stand out

A

True

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2
Q

Emotional events remembered more easy & vivid

A

True

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3
Q

Emotion improves memory, becomes greater with time (may engage consolidation)

A

True

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4
Q

Memory for circumstances surrounding shocking, highly charged important events (NOT ABOUT THE EVENT ITSELF)

A

Flashbulb Memory

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5
Q

What is this an example of:
9/11/01
Kennedy asassination
Challenger explosion.

A

Where you were, and what you were doing?

~flashbulb memory

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6
Q

Flashbulb memory seems to be:

A

Highly emotional
Very vivid
Very detailed

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7
Q

True/False

Flashbulb memory can be inaccurate and lacking in detail like other everyday memories

A

True

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8
Q

What are these types of?

Forgetting, Memory Distortion, Source confusion, and False memory

A

Types of memory errors

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9
Q

Cant recall an item or event

A

forgetting

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10
Q

Original memory is distorted at later recall

A

memory distortion

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11
Q

source of one memory is confused for another

A

Source confusion

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12
Q

Creation of a new false memory

A

False memory

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13
Q

Encode the gist (schema) but not all the details (change blindness)

A

Poor encoding

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14
Q

Poor encoding, Schemas, Memory interference, Source confusion, Thinking/Imagination ARE ALL FACTORS THAT LEAD TO…?

A

memory distortion

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15
Q

Background knowledge that people bring to a situation
Can influence the interpretation, encoding or later recall of an event
~ex. old memories (schemas) can shape, help fill in or distort new memory to be made

A

Schemas

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16
Q

Source Memory, Source monitoring error also called “source misattributions”

A

Source Confusion

17
Q

process of determining origins of our memories

A

Source Memory

18
Q

misidentifying source of memory

also called “source misattributions”

A

Source monitoring error

19
Q

Eyewitness paradigm associated with False Memory: The misinformation effect has how many steps in it?

A

3 steps

1) subjects watch film
2) subjects are asked leading questions about the event
3) subjects report their memory of the event after the film

20
Q

How are objects placed into categories? (hint:3 approaches)

A

Definitional approach
Prototype approach
Exemplar approach

21
Q

Classic view of definitions:
there exist defining properties!
EX. bachelor= unmarried adult male
dog= mammal,4pegs, barks, wags tail

A

Definitional approach

22
Q

Things that are necessary and sufficient to determine identity

A

Defining properties definition

23
Q

An abstract representation of the “typical” member of a category
Characteristic features that describe what members of that concept are like
an AVERAGE of category members ENCOUNTERED IN THE PAST
contains the MOST SALIENT FEATURES
true of most instances of that category

A

Prototype approach

24
Q

Prototypicality (graded membership) ¿High and Low?

A

High: Category member CLOSELY resembles category prototype
Low: Category member DOES NOT closely resemble category prototype

25
Q

True/False

Strong positive relationship between prototypicality and family resemblance

A

True

26
Q

When items have a large amount of overlap with characteristics of other items in the category, the family resemblance of these items is high …. leads to

A

Low overlap= low family resemblance

27
Q

Prototypical objects are processed preferentially

-highly prototypical objects are JUDGED MORE RAPIDLY

A

Typicality Effect

28
Q

True/False

Prototypical category members are more affected by priming

A

True

29
Q

True/False

Rosch(1975): Hearing “green” primes a highly pro typical green. Relates to Typicality effect in Prototype approach

A

True

30
Q

Concept represented by MULTIPLE EXAMPLES rather than single prototype
Examples are ACTUAL CATEGORY MEMBERS not abstract averages
To categorize, compare the new item to stored examples (MOST SIMILAR TO NEW ITEM)
Strength of each representation based on FREQUENCY of experience

A

EXEMPLAR APPROACH

31
Q

Concepts are arranged in networks
Node= category/concept
Concepts are linked
Hierarchy in networks

A

Semantic Networks

32
Q

Shared properties are only stored at higher-level nodes

A

Cognitive Economy

33
Q

True/False

Reasoning is a tool for solving problem and making decision

A

True

34
Q

Drawing conclusions about what IS MOST PROBABLE given previous evidence

A

Inductive Reasoning

35
Q

Drawing conclusions about what MUST BE TRUE give. previous evidence

A

Deductive Reasoning

Cognition (3 decks)

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