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HEMA 1A > FINALS: Nonmalignant Granulocytic Disorders > Flashcards

FINALS: Nonmalignant Granulocytic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Redistribution of the blood pools cause a short-term increased in the total WBC count and in the absolute number of neutrophils in the circulating granulocyte pool.

A

Shift/physiologic/pseudoneutrophilia

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2
Q

Caused by exercise, stress, pain, pregnancy

A

Shift/physiologic/pseudoneutrophilia

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3
Q

It is not a response to tissue damage. The total blood granulocyte pool in the body has not changed.

A

Shift/physiologic/pseudoneutrophilia

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4
Q

The bone marrow has not released immature neutrophils. There are no toxic changes. And there is ______ to the left.

A

no shift

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5
Q

Neutrophils leave the circulating pool, enter the marginating pool, and then move to the tissues in response to tissue damage

A

Pathologic neutrophilia

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6
Q

In pathologic neutrophilia, bone marrow reserves are _____ to replenish the circulating pool and ______ production of neutrophils to replenish reserves.

A

released

increases

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7
Q

Occurs in response to bacterial and the other infections, tissue destruction, drugs or toxins, growth factor, etc.

A

Pathologic neutrophilia

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8
Q

Blood picture mimics that seen in chronic myelogenous leukemia.

A

Neutrophilic leukemoid reaction (NLR)

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9
Q

Benign, extreme response to a specific agent of stimulus

A

Neutrophilic leukemoid reaction (NLR)

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10
Q

In neutrophilic leukemoid reaction (NLR), the WBC count can _____ to between 50.0 and 100.0×〖10〗^9/L, and there is a ______ with ______ changes to the neutrophils.

A

increase
shift to the left
toxic

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11
Q

Characterised by having the presence of immature leukocyte and immature (nucleated) erythrocytes in the blood

A

Leukoerythroblastic reaction

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12
Q

Occurs in marrow replacement disorders, such as myelofibrosis

A

Leukoerythroblastic reaction

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13
Q

Decrease in absolute number of neutrophils

A

Neutropenia

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14
Q

Due to bone marrow production defects chronic or severe infection depletes available neutrophil reserves. Use exceed bone marrow production

A

Neutropenia

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15
Q

____ causes neutrophils to be removed from circulation

A

Hypersplenism

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16
Q

Neutropenia can be cause by one of the ff:

A

bone marrow injury (aplastic anemia),
bone marrow infiltration (leukemia, myelodyplastic syndromes or mestatistic cancer),
bone marrow suppression by chemicals or drugs (chemotheraphy)

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17
Q

Neutropenia can be cause by DNA synthesis defects due to

A

vitamin B12 or folate deficiency

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18
Q

Increase in the absolute number of eosinophils

A

Eosinophilia

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19
Q

Associated with parasitic infections, allergic reactions, chronic inflammation

A

Eosinophilia

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20
Q

Associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia, including early maturation stages, Hodgkin disease, tumors

A

Eosinophilia

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21
Q

Decrease in the absolute number of eosinophils

A

Eosinopenia

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22
Q

Seen in acute inflammation and inflammatory reactions that cause release of glucorticosteroids epinephrine

A

Eosinopenia

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23
Q

Increase in the absolute number of basophils

A

Basophilia

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24
Q

Associated with Type I hypersensitivity reactions

A

Basophilia

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25
Q

Associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia, including early maturation stages, polycythemia vera

A

Basophilia

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26
Q

Associated with relative transient basophilia can be seen in the patient on hematopoietic growth factors.

A

Basophilia

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27
Q

Decrease in the absolute number of basophils associated with inflammatory states and following immunologic reactions

A

Basopenia

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28
Q

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) : Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test (NBT) is _________ inheritance with the ratio of affected males to females being 6:1

A

both sex-linked and autosomal recessive

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29
Q

In Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) : Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test (NBT), granulocytes are morphologically _______, but functionally ______ because of enzyme deficiency that results in an inability to degranulate, with causes inhited bactericidal function.

A

normal

abnormal

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30
Q

Characterised as an autosomal recessive disorder that causes large, gray-green, peroxidase positive granules in the cytoplasm of leukocytes; abnormal fusion of primary and secondary neutrophilic granules

A

Chédiak-Higashi syndrome

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31
Q

In Chédiak-Higashi syndrome, cells are morphologically ______ and functionally _______ leukocyte; WBCs unable to degranulate and kill invading bacteria

A

abnormal

abnormal

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32
Q

Patients will present with photophobia and skin hypopigmentation (ALBINISM)

A

Chédiak-Higashi syndrome

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33
Q

Characterised by normal random activity but characterized by abnormal chemotactic/directional activity

A

Job’s syndrome

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34
Q

Characterised by abnormal random activity and abnormal chemotactic activity

A

Lazy Leukocyte Syndrome

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35
Q

Hereditary hypersegmentation of neutrophil – autosomal dominant trait: _______

A

UNDRITZ Anomaly

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36
Q

Acquired hypersegmentation of neutrophil is associated with_______ anemia due to vitamin B_12 or folic acid deficiencies

A

megaloblastic

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37
Q

_______ refers to a tendency in neutrophils to have 1 or 2 lobes; may indicate an anomaly or a shift to the left.

A

Hyposegmentation

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38
Q

An autosomal dominant inheritance that is characterised by having a nucleus that is hyperclumped, and it does not mature past the two-lobed stage.

A

Pelger –Huët anomaly

39
Q

Shape of neutrophils’ nucleus in Pelger –Huët anomaly

A

Nucleus dumbbell- or peanut shaped;

40
Q

Shape of neutrophils’ nucleus in Pelger –Huët anomaly is referred to as

A

“pince-nez”

41
Q

Neutrophils affected by Pelger –Huët anomaly is morphological ____ and functionally _____

A

abnormal

normal

42
Q

Pelger –Huët anomaly must be differentiated from a shift to the left associated with an infection (toxic changes); infection requires treatment but Pelger-Huët anomaly (does not need or needs treatment????)

A

(no toxic changes) does not.

43
Q

Acquired abnormality associated with myeloproliferative disorders and myelodysplastic syndromes; can also be drug induced

A

Pseudo Pelger-Huët

44
Q

Appearance of Pseudo Pelger-Huët nucleus is usually

A

round instead of a dumbbell shape that is seen in the anomaly.

45
Q

Pseudo Pelger-Huët is frequently accompanied by____-

A

hypogranulation

46
Q

An autosomal dominant inheritance characterised by having large, crystalline, Döhle-like inclusions in the cytoplasm of neutrophils on Wright’s stain;

A

May-Hegglin anomaly

47
Q

Appearance of the inclusions in May-Hegglin anomaly with Wright’s stain

A

gray-blue and spindle (cigar) shaped

48
Q

In May-Hegglin anomaly, cells are morphologically ______, functionally ______

A

abnormal

normal

49
Q

Giant platelets, thrombocytopenia, and clinical bleeding are also associated with this anomaly.

A

May-Hegglin anomaly

50
Q

An autosomal recessive inheritance characterised as having large azurophilic granules appear in cytoplasm of all or only one cell line. Granules contain degraded mucopolysaccharides due to an enzyme defect

A

Alder-Reilly anomaly

51
Q

In Alder-Reilly anomaly, cells are morphologically_____, functionally_____

A

abnormal

normal

52
Q

Increase in the absolute number of monocyte associated with recovery stage from acute bacterial infections and recovery following marrow suppression by drugs

A

Monocytosis

53
Q

Increase in the absolute number of monocyte associated with tuberculosis, syphilis, subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

Monocytosis

54
Q

Increase in the absolute number of monocyte associated with autoimmune disorders (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis)

A

Monocytosis

55
Q

Lipid storage disorders

A

Gaucher disease

56
Q

The most common lipid storage disorder and has an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern.

A

Gaucher disease

57
Q

Gaucher disease has a deficiency in _______ causes glucocerebroside to accumulate in macrophages of the bone marrow, spleen and liver, with Gaucher cells (chicken scratch appearance) more commonly seen in the bone marrow.

A

glucocerebrosidase/B-glucosidase

58
Q

Niemann-Pick disease is an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. A deficiency in______ leads to the accumulation of sphingomyelin in the macrophages.

A

sphingomyelinase

59
Q

Sea-blue histiocytosis is caused by unknown deficiency. _________ are found in the spleen and bone marrow

A

Sea-blue macrophages

60
Q

Tay-Sachs disease is characterized by deficiency in ______ enzyme

A

Hexosaminidase A

61
Q

Tay-Sachs disease is characterized by deficiency in a certain enzyme which leads to the accumulation of ______ and ______ exhibited by vacuolated cytoplasm

A

glycolipids

gangliosides

62
Q

Sand Hoff’s disease is characterized by deficiency in _____ enzyme which leads to the accumulation of glycolipids and gangliosides exhibited by vacuolated cytoplasm

A

Hexosaminidase A & B

63
Q

Characterised by having decreases in the absolute number of monocytes associated with stem cell disorders such as aplastic anemia

A

Monocytopenia

64
Q

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects _______

A

B lymphocytes.

65
Q

Infectious mononucleosis is common in the 14-24 age group with symptoms ranging from

A

malaise and fever
pharyngitis
lymphadenopathy
splenomegaly

66
Q

Infectious mononucleosis is transmitted through ___

A

nasopharyngeal secretions

67
Q

Infectious mononucleosis is ____ for heterophile antibody test

68
Q

Symptoms similar to infectious mononucleosis and is transmission is by blood tranfusions and saliva exchange.

A

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

69
Q

In Cytomegalovirus (CMV), _____% of lymphocytes can be reactive.

70
Q

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is _____ heterophile antibody test

71
Q

Associated with adenovirus and coxsackie A virus

A

Infectious lymphocytosis

72
Q

Contagious disease mostly affecting young children

A

Infectious lymphocytosis

73
Q

Lymphocytosis with no reactive lymphocytes

A

Infectious lymphocytosis

74
Q

Other Conditions Associated with Lymphocytosis (viral or non viral):

hepatitis

75
Q

Other Conditions Associated with Lymphocytosis (viral or non viral):
influenza

76
Q

Other Conditions Associated with Lymphocytosis (viral or non viral):
mumps

77
Q

Other Conditions Associated with Lymphocytosis (viral or non viral):

measles

78
Q

Other Conditions Associated with Lymphocytosis (viral or non viral):

rubella

79
Q

Other Conditions Associated with Lymphocytosis (viral or non viral):

varicella

80
Q

Other Conditions Associated with Lymphocytosis (viral or non viral):

Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough)

81
Q

Other Conditions Associated with Lymphocytosis (viral or non viral):

brucellosis

82
Q

Other Conditions Associated with Lymphocytosis (viral or non viral):

toxoplasmosis

83
Q

Atypical Lymphocytes also referred to as reactive/variant/stimulated lymphocytes or _______

A

DOWNEY CELLS

84
Q

Also called as Turk’s irritation cell which is actually a plasmacytoid lymphocyte with large black chromatin

A

Type I Downey Cell

85
Q

Found in infectious mononucleosis with round mass of chromatin (ballerina skirt appearance)

A

Type II Downey Cell

86
Q

Vacuolated lymphocyte resembling a swiss cheese or moth-eaten appearance

A

Type III Downey Cell

87
Q

Originally B cells with hair like projection which are identified by being TRAP resistance

A

Hairy Cell

88
Q

Destroyed lymphocyte

A

Basket cell

89
Q

Basket cell also called as ____ (thumbprint appearance)

A

smudge cells

90
Q

Lymphocyte usually abundant in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

A

Basket cell

91
Q

Lymphocyte with cerebriform nucleus (Brain-Like)

A

Sezary Cells

92
Q

Lymphocyte usually seen in mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome

A

Sezary Cells

93
Q

plasma cell with red to pink cytoplasm; associated with increased IgA and usually seen in Multiple Myeloma

A

Flame cell

94
Q

plasma cell with vacuoles; with large protein globules called as “Russell Bodies”

A

Grape Cell/Berry/Morula/MOTT Cells

HEMA 1A (8 decks)

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