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HEMA 1A > Chapter 1 (Monthly) > Flashcards

Chapter 1 (Monthly) Flashcards

1
Q

Study of formed elements of blood and blood forming tissues

A

Hematology

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2
Q

worms in blood

A

Athanasius Kircher

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3
Q

describes blood as composite of 4 humours

A

Hippocrates

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4
Q

platelet as “petites plaque”

A

Giulio Bizzozero

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5
Q

account of RBCs

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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6
Q

published the 1st quantitative results of blood cell analysis

A

Karl Vierordt

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7
Q

develop Wrights stain

Improvements in the methods of blood examination

A

James Homer

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8
Q

Blood is _____ of total body weight

A

6-8%

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9
Q

Blood is approximately __ liters

A

5

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10
Q

CBC will include 5 parameters:

A 
RBC count
WBC count
differential WBC count
hemoglobin determination
hematocrit determination
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11
Q

if manual CBC what should be done

A

all 5 parameters should be done

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12
Q

if automated, machine wil give you the results for _____

A

CBC will include five parameters
platelet count
blood cell indices

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13
Q

blood cell indices

A
  • MCV (mean cell/corpuscular volume),
  • MCHC (mean cell hemoglobin concentration),
  • MCH (mean cell Hb)
  • RDW
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14
Q

when diagnosis cannot be done by means of lab test, ________ will be done

A

bone marrow aspiration

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15
Q

Fragments of megakaryocytes

A

platelets

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16
Q

normal platelet count

A

150-400k per mm3 blood

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17
Q

time for blood components to separate w centrifuge

A

3-5 mins

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18
Q

thick Buffy coat means there is a ________

A

problem

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19
Q

_____ is from clotted blood, has no clotting factors (used up in the clotting process)

A

Serum

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20
Q

______ is from anticoagulated blood, has clotting factors

A

Plasma

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21
Q

Makes up about 55% of blood’s volume

A

Plasma

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22
Q

91% of plasma

A

water

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23
Q

7% of plasma

A

blood proteins

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24
Q

2% of plasma

A

nutrients and electrolytes

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25
Q

Makes up about 45% of blood’s volume

A

cellular components of blood

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26
Q

normal WBC count

A

7000-9000 mm3 blood

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27
Q

normal RBC count

A

5M mm3 blood

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28
Q

Unclotted portion of blood

A

plasma

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29
Q

Appearance of plasma

A

Pale Yellow fluid

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30
Q

Components of plasma

A

Water
Proteins
Other substances

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31
Q

Plasma proteins

A

ALBUMIN
GLOBULIN
FIBRINOGEN

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32
Q

Percentage of Albumin in plasma

A

58%

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33
Q

Contributes to the osmotic pressure

A

ALBUMIN

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34
Q

The water balance between blood and tissues is determined by the ________

A

movement of water into and out of the blood by osmosis.

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35
Q

Albumin also functions as ______ for hormones

A

transport molecules

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36
Q

Percentage of globulin in plasma

A

38%

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37
Q

Also part of the immune system

A

GLOBULIN

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38
Q

Globulin also functions as for hormones

A

transport molecules

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39
Q

Helps in the formation of blood clot

A

GLOBULIN

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40
Q

A clotting factor

A

FIBRINOGEN

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41
Q

Percentage of fibrinogen in plasma

A

4%

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42
Q

Fibrinogen is converted into ______ during activation of clotting factors

A

fibrin

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43
Q

FORMED ELEMENTS

A

RED BLOOD CELLS
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
PLATELET OR THROMBOCYTES

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44
Q

Size of RBC

A

6-8 micrometer (diameter)

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45
Q

normal RBC count

A

4-6 million/µL

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46
Q

loss of oxygen carrying capacity of the blood

A

anemia

47
Q

Increased RBC count

A

polycytemia

48
Q

1/3 of the total volume of the RBC

A

central pallor

49
Q

Hgb determination uses _______ Reagent

A

Drabkin’s

50
Q

Automated Hgb determination methods uses _____

A

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)

51
Q

Drabkin’s Reagent components

A

K3[Fe(CN)6]
KCN
lysing agents (bicarbonates)

52
Q

Function of SDS

A

stablelise methemoglobin

53
Q

ratio of the volume of RBCs to volume of whole blood

A

Hct

54
Q

Normal ratio of Hct

A

50% (estimated)

55
Q

RBC indices computed based on ___ ____ ____

A

RBC ct, Hct and Hgb

56
Q

a measure of volume; RBC diameter

A

MCV

57
Q

reflects RBC staining intensity or degree of pallor

A

MCHC

58
Q

expresses mass of hgb :

A

MCH

59
Q

degree of anisocytosis

A

RDW

60
Q

variation in size RBC

A

anisocytosis

61
Q

Reference range for MCV

A

80-100 fL

62
Q

Reference range for MCH

A

26-32 pg

63
Q

Reference range for MCHC

A

32-36% (g/dL in SI)

64
Q

Reference range for RDW

A

11.5-14.5%

65
Q

Reticulocyte are _____ RBCs

A

Polychromatophilic

66
Q

Percentage of reticulocyte

A

About 1-2%

67
Q

Newly released RBCs from the BM

A

Reticulocyte

68
Q

Reticulocyte contains

A

RNA

69
Q

To count reticulocytes use _______ and _______

A

Supravital dye

Automation (TOA/Sysmex)

70
Q

Supravital dye

A

New Methylene Blue

Briliant cresyl blue

71
Q

Hitch a ride in the blood

A

Leukocytes / WBCs

72
Q

Normal WBC count

A

~ 4,500-11,500 /µL

73
Q

Differentiated using _______

A

Wright’s stain

74
Q

Use ______ for WBC count

A

Romanowsky

75
Q

low WBC count

A

Leucopenia

76
Q

increase WBC count

A

Leukocytosis

77
Q

Types of WBC according to nucleus

A

PMN

Mononuclear

78
Q

Types of WBC according to cytoplasmic granules

A

Granulocytes

Agranulocytes

79
Q

Granulocytes

A

neutrophils, basophils, & eosinophils

80
Q

neutrophils are

A

Granulocytes

81
Q

basophils are

A

Granulocytes

82
Q

eosinophils are

A

Granulocytes

83
Q

Agranulocytes

A

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

84
Q

Neutrophilia is due to ___

A

bacterial infection

85
Q

Cause of neutropenia

A

long term drug administration; viral infection

86
Q

Penultimate stage of neutrophil

A

Bands

87
Q

Causes shift to the left of neutrophils

A

severe bacterial infection

88
Q

Color of eosinophils

A

bright orange granules

89
Q

Granules of eosinophils contain _____

A

antihistamine

90
Q

Eosinophilia

A

allergy; parasitism

91
Q

Color of basophils

A

dark blue granules

92
Q

Basophilia

A

rare, hematologic disease (leukemia)

93
Q

Irregularly lobed WBC

A

basophil

94
Q

Activated during viral infection

A

Lymphocytes

95
Q

Responsible for CMI and HI

A

Lymphocytes

96
Q

Number of lobes of eosinophils

A

2-3

97
Q

Has B, T and NK cells

A

Lymphocytes

98
Q

Lymphopenia/Lymphocytopenia

A

long term drug administration; immunodeficiency

99
Q

Lymphocytosis

A

viral infection

100
Q

Pieces of a bone marrow cell known as a megakaryocyte

A

Platelets / Thrombocytes

101
Q

Function to stop bleeding by forming a plug and also release coagulation factors (controls hemostasis)

A

Platelets / Thrombocytes

102
Q

Platelets forms_______ (clot)

A

thrombus

103
Q

Capable of adhesion, aggregation, secretion

A

Platelets

104
Q

Appearance of platelets

A

2-4 µ , oval, anucleated, slightly granular

105
Q

Reference range for platelets

A

150-450 K/cu.mm.

106
Q

Thrombocytosis :

A

inflammation; trauma

107
Q

Thrombocytopenia:

A

consequence of drug treatment

108
Q

Platelets / Thrombocytes:

High MPV means

A

regenerative BM response to platelet consumption

109
Q

Other hematology lab tests

A 
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
Reticulocyte Count
Peripheral Blood Examination
Sickle Cell Testing
Osmotic Fragility Test
110
Q

Coagulation Tests include:

A

Prothrombin Time (PT)
Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
Fibrinogen
Factor Analysis

111
Q

ADVANCED HEMA PROCEDURES

A 
BM Examination
Cytogenic analysis
Molecular assay
Cytochemical stains (differentiate abnormal cells)
Flow cytometry
112
Q

Examples include iron deficiency anemia and aplastic anemia

A

Anemias

113
Q

WBC production is affected and defective. Examples include acute and chronic leukemias
Thrombocytopenia

A

Leukemias

114
Q

Patient may have bleeding problems

A

Decreased platelets

HEMA 1A (8 decks)

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