Finals Grammar Flashcards by Shira Vilvovsky

Imperfect subjunctive

Don’t drop anything from the 2nd principal part

Add imperfect active/passive endings

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Pluperfect active subjunctive

Drop -I from the 3rd principal part 
Add 
-issem   -issemus
-isses    -issetis
-isset     -isset

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Pluperfect passive subjunctive

Use 4th principal part, modify to fit person and number 
Add as a second word 
-essem    -essemus
-esses     -essetis
-esset      -essent

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Perfect active subjunctive

3rd principal part 
Drop the i
Add
-erim    -erimus
-eris.    -eritis
-erit      -erint

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Perfect passive subjunctive

Use 4th principal part, modify to fit person and number 
As a 2nd word add
-sim    -simus
-sis     -sitis
-sit.     -sint

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Optative Subjunctive

If the wish can come true, use the present,

If it can’t, use the imperfect, because it’s an imperfect world out there and not all of our wishes can come true :’(

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Jussive subjunctive

Gives command or suggestion (you should read, let me go!)

2nd and 3rd person (sg or pl)

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Hortatory Subjunctive

Present subjunctive in 1st person plural

Let’s blank!!!

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Singular positive imperative

Drop -re from 2nd principal part

Blank!

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Positive imperative plural

Drop -re from 2nd principal part and add -te

Translate as Blank!

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Negative imperative singular

Add Noli before the 2nd principal part

Translate as don’t blank

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Negative plural imperative

Add nolite before the 2nd principal part

Translate as Don’t blank!

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Active present participle

Add -ns to 1st/2nd present stem
-ens to 3rd/4th present stem 
-ntis to genitive 
Add 3rd declension endings 
Translate: while (blanking)

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Perfect passive participle

4th principal part
Change to 1st/2nd declension endings
Translate: having been blanked

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Present subjunctive

Change endings/drop endings
Add we beat all liars endings
Add present passive/active personal endings
Translate in the active as (blank should verb)
Translate in the passive as (blank should be verbed)

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Explanation of participles (in case you were wondering) and why they do NOT have verb endings

Participles are verbal nouns. So they do not have a verb ending. On the synopsis, you can choose which of the five cases you want your participle to be in, (example, iubeo, iubere, iussi, iussus in the perfect active would be iussus/iussa/iussum, or the any other five case endings)

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Future active participle

Take the 4th principal part
Add -ur between the thingies
Add 1st/2nd endings (remember, feminine, masculine, or neuter, depending the the subject, on the synopsis, I would recommend listing out both m and f )
Translates: about to blank

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Future passive participle

Add -ndus to 1st/2nd present stem
Add -endus to 3rd/4th present stem
Add 1st/2nd declension endings
Translates: to be blank

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Present active infinitive

2nd principal part

Translates: to blank

Present passive infinitive

2nd principal part
Drop the -e
Add -i to the end 
in 3rd declension take off the whole -ere and add -i, otherwise just take off the -e at the end of the 2nd principal part 
Translates: to be blanked

Perfect active infinitive

3rd principal part
Drop the -i
Add -isse
Translates: to have blanked

Perfect passive infinitive

4th principal part
Add esse to the end
Translates: to have been blanked

Future active infinitive

4th principal part
Add -ur between the thingies
Translates:to be about to wear

Present Active Indicative

1st/2nd    3rd/4th
-o.            -o
-s.            -is
-t.            -it
-mus.       -imus
-tis.          -itis 
-nt.          -unt 
Am/are/is blanking

Imperfect active Indicative

``` 1st/2nd (3rd and 4th) -(e)bam -(e)bas -(e)bat -(e)bamus -(e)batis -(e)bant Was blanking ```

Future Active Indicative

``` 1st/2nd 3rd/4th -bo. -am -bis. -es -bit. -et -bimus. -emus -bitis -etis -bunt -ent Will blank ```

Perfect active indicative

``` Drop the -i from the 3rd principal part Add -i -isti -it -imus -istis -erunt did, have, has, blanked ```

Pluperfect Active Indicative

``` Drop -i from 3rd principal part Add -eram -eras -erat -eramus -eratis -erant Had blank ```

Subjunctive of sum, esse, fui

- sem - ses - set - semus - setus - sent

Future perfect active indicative

``` Drop -i from the 3rd principal part Add -ero -eris -erit -erimus -eritis -erint Will have blanked ```

Present Passive Indicative

``` 1st/2nd. 3rd/4th -or -or -ris. -eris -tur. -itur -mur. -imur -mini. -imini -ntur -untur Am/are/is being blanked ```

Imperfect Passive Indicative

``` 1st/2nd. (3rd/4th) -(e)bar -(e)baris -(e)batur -(e)bamur -(e)bamini -(e)bantur Was being blanked ```

Future Passive Indicative

``` 1st/2nd. 3rd/4th -bor. -ar -beris. -eris -bitur. -etur -bimur. -emur -bimini. -emini -buntur. -entur Will be blanked ```

Perfect Passive Indicative

``` 4th principal part As a second word add Sum Es Est Sumus Estis Sunt To have been blanked ```

Pluperfect Passive Indicative

``` Use 4th principal part As a second word add Eram Eras Erat Eramus Eratis Erant Had been blanked ```

Future perfect Passive Indicative

``` 4th principal part Add -ero -eris -erit -erimus -eritis -erant ```

Gerundives and gerunds

Future passive participle Used as an adjectives Noun that is modified follows right after usually or precedes it

1st declension

1st F: - a - ae - ae - am - a - a - arum - is - as - is

2nd declension M

2nd M: - us - i - o - um - o - i - orum - is - os - is

2nd declension N

2nd N: - um - i - o - um - o - a - orum - is - a - is

3rd M/F

3rd M/F: - various - is - i - em - e - es - um - ibus - es - ibus

3rd N

3rd N: - various - is - i - various - e - a - um - ibus - a - ibus

4th M/F

4th M/F: - us - us - ui - um - u - us - uum - ibus - us - ibus

4th N

4th N: - u - us - u - u - u - ua - uum - ubus - ua - ubus

5th M/F

5th M/F: - es - ei - ei - em - e - es - erum - ebus - es - ebus