Finals Grammar Flashcards
Imperfect subjunctive
Don’t drop anything from the 2nd principal part
Add imperfect active/passive endings
Pluperfect active subjunctive
Drop -I from the 3rd principal part Add -issem -issemus -isses -issetis -isset -isset
Pluperfect passive subjunctive
Use 4th principal part, modify to fit person and number Add as a second word -essem -essemus -esses -essetis -esset -essent
Perfect active subjunctive
3rd principal part Drop the i Add -erim -erimus -eris. -eritis -erit -erint
Perfect passive subjunctive
Use 4th principal part, modify to fit person and number As a 2nd word add -sim -simus -sis -sitis -sit. -sint
Optative Subjunctive
If the wish can come true, use the present,
If it can’t, use the imperfect, because it’s an imperfect world out there and not all of our wishes can come true :’(
Jussive subjunctive
Gives command or suggestion (you should read, let me go!)
2nd and 3rd person (sg or pl)
Hortatory Subjunctive
Present subjunctive in 1st person plural
Let’s blank!!!
Singular positive imperative
Drop -re from 2nd principal part
Blank!
Positive imperative plural
Drop -re from 2nd principal part and add -te
Translate as Blank!
Negative imperative singular
Add Noli before the 2nd principal part
Translate as don’t blank
Negative plural imperative
Add nolite before the 2nd principal part
Translate as Don’t blank!
Active present participle
Add -ns to 1st/2nd present stem -ens to 3rd/4th present stem -ntis to genitive Add 3rd declension endings Translate: while (blanking)
Perfect passive participle
4th principal part
Change to 1st/2nd declension endings
Translate: having been blanked
Present subjunctive
Change endings/drop endings
Add we beat all liars endings
Add present passive/active personal endings
Translate in the active as (blank should verb)
Translate in the passive as (blank should be verbed)
Explanation of participles (in case you were wondering) and why they do NOT have verb endings
Participles are verbal nouns. So they do not have a verb ending. On the synopsis, you can choose which of the five cases you want your participle to be in, (example, iubeo, iubere, iussi, iussus in the perfect active would be iussus/iussa/iussum, or the any other five case endings)
Future active participle
Take the 4th principal part
Add -ur between the thingies
Add 1st/2nd endings (remember, feminine, masculine, or neuter, depending the the subject, on the synopsis, I would recommend listing out both m and f )
Translates: about to blank
Future passive participle
Add -ndus to 1st/2nd present stem
Add -endus to 3rd/4th present stem
Add 1st/2nd declension endings
Translates: to be blank
Present active infinitive
2nd principal part
Translates: to blank
Present passive infinitive
2nd principal part Drop the -e Add -i to the end in 3rd declension take off the whole -ere and add -i, otherwise just take off the -e at the end of the 2nd principal part Translates: to be blanked
Perfect active infinitive
3rd principal part
Drop the -i
Add -isse
Translates: to have blanked
Perfect passive infinitive
4th principal part
Add esse to the end
Translates: to have been blanked
Future active infinitive
4th principal part
Add -ur between the thingies
Translates:to be about to wear
Present Active Indicative
1st/2nd 3rd/4th -o. -o -s. -is -t. -it -mus. -imus -tis. -itis -nt. -unt Am/are/is blanking
Imperfect active Indicative
1st/2nd (3rd and 4th) -(e)bam -(e)bas -(e)bat -(e)bamus -(e)batis -(e)bant Was blanking
Future Active Indicative
1st/2nd 3rd/4th -bo. -am -bis. -es -bit. -et -bimus. -emus -bitis -etis -bunt -ent Will blank
Perfect active indicative
Drop the -i from the 3rd principal part Add -i -isti -it -imus -istis -erunt did, have, has, blanked
Pluperfect Active Indicative
Drop -i from 3rd principal part Add -eram -eras -erat -eramus -eratis -erant Had blank
Subjunctive of sum, esse, fui
- sem
- ses
- set
- semus
- setus
- sent
Future perfect active indicative
Drop -i from the 3rd principal part Add -ero -eris -erit -erimus -eritis -erint Will have blanked
Present Passive Indicative
1st/2nd. 3rd/4th -or -or -ris. -eris -tur. -itur -mur. -imur -mini. -imini -ntur -untur Am/are/is being blanked
Imperfect Passive Indicative
1st/2nd. (3rd/4th) -(e)bar -(e)baris -(e)batur -(e)bamur -(e)bamini -(e)bantur Was being blanked
Future Passive Indicative
1st/2nd. 3rd/4th -bor. -ar -beris. -eris -bitur. -etur -bimur. -emur -bimini. -emini -buntur. -entur Will be blanked
Perfect Passive Indicative
4th principal part As a second word add Sum Es Est Sumus Estis Sunt To have been blanked
Pluperfect Passive Indicative
Use 4th principal part As a second word add Eram Eras Erat Eramus Eratis Erant Had been blanked
Future perfect Passive Indicative
4th principal part Add -ero -eris -erit -erimus -eritis -erant
Gerundives and gerunds
Future passive participle
Used as an adjectives
Noun that is modified follows right after usually or precedes it
1st declension
1st F:
- a
- ae
- ae
- am
- a
- a
- arum
- is
- as
- is
2nd declension M
2nd M:
- us
- i
- o
- um
- o
- i
- orum
- is
- os
- is
2nd declension N
2nd N:
- um
- i
- o
- um
- o
- a
- orum
- is
- a
- is
3rd M/F
3rd M/F:
- various
- is
- i
- em
- e
- es
- um
- ibus
- es
- ibus
3rd N
3rd N:
- various
- is
- i
- various
- e
- a
- um
- ibus
- a
- ibus
4th M/F
4th M/F:
- us
- us
- ui
- um
- u
- us
- uum
- ibus
- us
- ibus
4th N
4th N:
- u
- us
- u
- u
- u
- ua
- uum
- ubus
- ua
- ubus
5th M/F
5th M/F:
- es
- ei
- ei
- em
- e
- es
- erum
- ebus
- es
- ebus
