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finals Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Regulates what enters and exits the cell

A

cell membrane

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2
Q

control center for eukaryotic cells; contains DNA

A

nucleus

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3
Q

protein synthesis takes place on this “workbench”

A

ribosome

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4
Q

converts chemical energy in food to ATP

A

mitochondria

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5
Q

converts light energy to chemical energy in plants

A

chloroplast

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6
Q

order of simplest to most complex level of organization

A

atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population

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7
Q

prokaryotes

A

no nucleus, single cell, no organelles,

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8
Q

eukaryotes

A

nucleus, may be multicellular, organelles

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9
Q

prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A

DNA, cytoplasm, ribosomes, cell membrane

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10
Q

3 structures plant cells have that animal cells do not

A

cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplast

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11
Q

diffusion of water

A

osmosis

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12
Q

moves materials from a region of high concentration to low concentration

A

diffusion

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13
Q

difference in concentration of substance inside vs. outside the cell

A

concentration gradient

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14
Q

moves materials against a concentration gradient

A

active transport

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15
Q

diffusion requiring special channel proteins in the cell membrane

A

facilitated diffusion

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16
Q

which transport requires energy?

A

active transport

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17
Q

what happens to a plant and animal cell in a hypertonic solution?

A

plant: membrane shrivels inside cell wall, central vacuole loses water
animal: shrivels

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18
Q

what happens to a plant and animal cell in a hypotonic solution ?

A

plant: central vacuole swells, cell wall prevents plant cell from bursting
animal: swells, then explodes (lysis)

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19
Q

what are 4 beneficial jobs bacteria do that make them important in maintaining the living world

A

recycle nutrients, break down decaying organisms

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20
Q

explain why antibiotics can be used to control bacterial infections but are not effective against a virus

A

antibiotics inhibit life functions in bacteria, viruses are not living

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21
Q

what are 2 components that are found In every virus?

A

nucleic acid and protein

22
Q

what types of genetic material do viruses use?

A

DNA or RNA

23
Q

occurs in most body cells

A

mitosis

24
Q

DNA must be replicated before this type of cell division occurs

A

mitosis and meiosis

25
Q

required for sexual reproduction

A

meiosis

26
Q

used for growth and repair

A

mitosis

27
Q

a multi- step process

A

mitosis and meiosis

28
Q

daughter cells are identical to each other and to original cell

A

mitosis

29
Q

increases genetic variation in a population or species

A

meiosis

30
Q

produces 4 haploid gamete cells

A

meiosis

31
Q

produces 2 diploid body cells

A

mitosis

32
Q

haploid

A

only 1 copy of each chromosome

33
Q

gastrulation

A

cells arrange in layers to form primary tissues

34
Q

differentiation

A

cells become specialized

35
Q

ATP can be recharged by adding a

A

phosphate

36
Q

ADP

A

Low energy form of ATP

37
Q

chemical equation for cellular respiration (is for both plants and animals)

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —-> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (stored as ATP)

38
Q

chemical equation for photosynthesis

A

6C02 +6H2O (add energy) —> C6H12O6 +6O2

39
Q

cells get “fuel” to make ATP from

A

food (glucose)

40
Q

cells get ____ to burn this fuel from the air

A

oxygen

41
Q

cells give off ____ and ____ as waste products of cellular respiration

A

CO2 and water

42
Q

all organic molecules contain the element

A

carbon

43
Q

made of amino acids; many roles in cells, including increasing rates of chemical reactions

A

protein

44
Q

provides quick energy for cells

A

carbohydrate

45
Q

hydrophobic, nonpolar. one form makes up cell membrane

A

lipid phospholipid

46
Q

stores genetic information

A

nucleic acid

47
Q

autotroph

A

an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances (carbon)

48
Q

chlorophyll

A

responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis

49
Q

gamete

A

a mature haploid germ cell that is able to unite with another opposite sex to form a zygote

50
Q

nondisjunction

A

the failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate normally during nuclear division

Biology (9 decks)

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