DNA Flashcards
What is heredity?
Inheritance
What is a trait?
Characteristic caused by genetics
What is DNA?
Self- replicating carrier of genetic info
What is a chromosome ?
DNA packaged with protein
The cell needs ___ copies of DNA before it can divide
2
Sister chromatids are…
DNA + exact copy, same DNA but condensed
What do centrioles do during mitosis
Send out fibers
What do spindle fibers do during mitosis
pull sister chromatids to opposite sides when the cell is about to divide
What does the centromere do during mitosis
Where the sister chromatids are attached after the DNA is replicated
The _____ anchor the spindle fibers
centrioles
The nuclear membrane dissolves during
prophase
The _____ holds the sister chromatids together
centromere
What happens during cytokinesis
Cytoplasm divides to make 2 daughter cells
Mitosis results in
2 cells that are identical to each other
Three phases of cell cycle:
Interphase, Mitosis, cytokinesis
Three stages of interphase
G1, S, G2
G1
growth 1, cell increases in size, normal amount of DNA present
S
synthesis, DNA is copied, cell has 2x normal amount of DNA
G2
Growth 2, DNA loosely packed (2x DNA), cell makes materials it needs to divide
Mitosis
Division of cell nucleus (4 steps)
Cytokinesis
division of cytoplasm
large molecules made of double strands of nucleotides
DNA
Section of DNA strand with info for making specific protein
gene
DNA wrapped around histone proteins (stabilizes DNA)
Chromatin
Tightly coiled chromatin; visible as X form during mitosis
chromosomes
In the cell cycle, the period between cell divisions is
interphase
what phase of mitosis usually occurs at the same time as cytokinesis?
telophase
as cells increase in size they have difficulty with meeting all their needs for nutrients because
the volume of the cell increases much more than the surface area for diffusion
the process of cell division results in
2 daughter cells
what process ensures that each daughter cell gets one complete set of genetic information and that each daughter cell has increased surface area?
mitosis
what is one false statement about mitosis?
mitosis produces variation In a species
the stage of the cell cycle when the cytoplasm divides to produce 2 new daughter cells
cytokinesis
during which phase of the cell cycle does the cell make a copy of its DNA
interphase
cells copy their DNA during
S
If the cell cycle is compared to the human life cycle, then G1 would be like
childhood
the sister chromatids are attached to each other at an area called the
centromere
in plants, the structure that forms between the divided nuclei is the
cell plate
at the beginning of cell division, a chromosome consists of 2
centromeres
at the end of mitosis, each daughter cell has
the same number and kinds of chromosomes as in the parent cell
centrioles separate during
prophase
