Finals Flashcards
1
Q
was one of the most influential nursing health scentists. it is extremely rare to find someone who has dedicated all her life to the advancement of the nursing profession and accomplish this feat with so much distinction and merit.
A
Faye Glenn Abdellah
2
Q
In ( March 13, 1919 – present) she is a nursing research pioneer who developed the ___ Her nursing model was progressive for the time in that it refers to a nursing diagnosis during a time in which nurses were taught that diagnoses were not part of their role in health care.
A
Twenty-One Nursing Problems.
3
Q
21 Nursing Problems 4 parts
A
- Basic To All Patients
- Sustenal Care Needs
3.Remedial Care Needs - Restorative Care Needs
4
Q
Who? Consistent with the decade in which she was writing, she uses the term “she” for nurses and “he” for doctors and patients
A
Faye Abdellah
5
Q
- Abdellah describes people as having physical, emotional, and sociological needs. These needs may overt, consisting of largely physical needs, or covert, such as emotional, sociological and interpersonal needs - which are often missed and perceived incorrectly
- The individuals (and families) are the recipients of nursing, and health, or achieving of it, is the purpose of nursing services.
A
MAN/PERSON
6
Q
- In patient - centered approaches to nursing, Abdellah describes ____ as a state mutually exclusive of illness.
- Although Abdellah does not give a definition of ___ she speaks to ‘total ___ needs’ and ‘a ____ state of mind and body’ in her description of nursing as a comprehensive services.
A
HEALTH
7
Q
- The ____ is implicitly defined by Abdellah as the home or community from which patient comes.
- Society in included in “planning for optimum health”.
- However, as Abdellah further delineated her ideas, the focus of nursing service is clearly the individual.
A
ENVIRONMENT/SOCIETY
8
Q
*is a helping profession.
A
NURSING
9
Q
What is Madeleine Leininger theory?
A
Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality
10
Q
Who said this? “The purpose of transcultural nursing is to discover and establish a body of knowledge and
skills focused on transcultural care, health (or well-being), and illness in order to assist nurses giving culturally competent, safe, and congruent care to people of diverse cultures worldwide”
A
Madeleine Leininger
11
Q
She was a pioneer nurse anthropologist.
A
Madeleine Leininger
12
Q
She is recognized worldwide as a founder of Transcultural Nursing, a program that created at the school 1974.
A
Madeleine Leininger
13
Q
is a substantive area of study and practice focused on comparative human care (caring), difference and similarities of beliefs, values, and practices of individuals or groups of similar or different cultures.
A
Transcultural nursing
14
Q
- Broadly defines set of values, beliefs and traditions that are held by a specific group of people and handed down from generation to generation.
- ____ is also beliefs, habits, likes, dislikes, customs and ritual learned from one’s family (Specter, 1991)
A
CULTURE
15
Q
- Is a set of beliefs in a divine or super human power (or powers) to be obeyed and worshipped as the creator an ruler of the universe.
- Ethical values and ____ system of beliefs and practices, differences within culture, and across culture are found.
A
RELIGION
16
Q
Refers to the group of people who share a common and distinctive culture and who are members of a specific group
A
ETHNIC
17
Q
- A consciousness of belonging to a group
A
ETHNICITY
18
Q
Commonalities of values, norms of behavior, and life patterns that are similar among different cultures
A
CULTURE-UNIVERSALS
19
Q
Values, beliefs, and patterns of behavior that tend to be unique to a designate culture
A
CULTURE-SPECIFICS
20
Q
Refers to objects (dress, art, religious artifacts)
A
MATERIAL CULTURE
21
Q
- Refers to beliefs, customs, language, social institution
A
NON-MATERIAL CULTURE
22
Q
- Composed of people who have a distinct identity but are related to a larger cultural group
A
SUB-CULTURE
23
Q
- A person crosses two cultures, lifestyle, and sets of values
A
BICULTURAL
24
Q
- Refers to the fact or state being different
- _____ can occur between cultures and within a cultural group
A
DIVERSITY
25
* Individuals who have taken on usually observable features of another culture.
* People of a minority group tend to assume attitudes, values, beliefs, and practices of the dominant society resulting in blended cultural pattern.
ACCULTURATION
26
The state of being disoriented or unable to respond to a different cultural environment because of its sudden strangeness, unfamiliarity and incompatibility to the stranger’s culture and expectation that is differentiated from others by symbolic markers (cultures, biology, territory, religion).
CULTURAL SHOCK
27
* Share of common social and cultural heritage that is passed on to successive generations.
ETHNIC GROUPS
28
* Refers to a subjective perspective of the person’s heritage and to a sense of belonging to a group that is distinguishable from other groups.
ETHNIC IDENTITY
29
* The classification of people according to shared biological characteristics, genetic markers, or features. Not all people of the same race have the same culture.
RACE
30
* Indicates the “variabilities and/or differences in meanings, patterns, values, lifeways, or symbols of care within or between collectives that are related to assistive, supportive, or enabling human care expressions
CULTURE CARE DIVERSITY
31
* Indicates the “common, similar, or dominant uniform care meanings, patterns, values, lifeways, or symbols that are manifest among many cultures and reflect assistive, supportive, facilitate, or enabling ways to help people.
CULTURE CARE UNIVERSALITY
32
Acknowledge that many individual patients and health care practitioner have specific notions about health and disease causality and treatment called____
explanatory models
33
* Refers to assisting, supporting, or enabling behaviors that ease or improve a person’s condition.
CARE
34
Is essential for a person’s survival, development, and ability to deal with life’s event.
Care
35
Has a different meanings in different culture which can be determined by examining the group’s view of the world, social structure, and language.
Care
36
* Refers to the values and beliefs that assist, support, or enable another person or group to maintain well-being, improve personal condition, or face death and disability.
CULTURAL CARE
37
different meanings, patterns, values, beliefs or symbols of care indicative of health for specific culture (such as role of sick person).
Diverse Care
38
commonalities or similarities in meanings, patterns, values, beliefs, or symbols of care between different cultures.
Universal Care
39
* Refers to the outlook of a view of a person or group based on a view of the world or universe.
* Consists of social structure and environmental context.
WORLD VIEW
40
organizational factors of a particular culture (e.g., religion, economics, education), and how these factors give meaning and order to the culture.
Social structure
41
any event, situation or experience that give meaning to human expressions.
Environmental Context
42
* Refers to care or care practices that have a special meaning in the culture.
* These practices are used to heal or assist people in the home or community.
* Are supplemental by professional health systems that operate in cultures.
FOLK HEALTH OR WELL-BEING SYSTEMS
43
* Is referred to as human being
* Is caring and capable of being concerned about others
PERSON
44
* Not specifically defined by Leininger
* The concepts of world view, social culture, and environmental context are discussed
* Is closely related to the concept of culture
ENVIRONMENT
45
* Is viewed as a state of well-being.
* Is culturally defined, valued and practiced.
* Reflects the ability of individuals to perform their daily roles
HEALTH
46
* Is defined as a learned humanistic art and science that focuses on personalized behaviors, functions and processes to promote and maintain health or recovery from illness.
* Has physical, psycho-cultural and social significance for those being assisted
NURSING
47
* “The nightingale of modern nursing”
* “Modern-day mother of nursing”
* “The 20th Century Florence Nightingale”
Virginia Avenel Henderson
48
the function of a nurse, and the enumeration of the 14 components that make up basic nursing care.
Virginia Henderson
49
“Doing things for patients that they would do for themselves if they could, that is if they were physically able or had the required knowledge. Nursing helps the patient become healthy or die peacefully, and also helps people work toward independence, so that they can begin to perform the relevant activities for themselves as quickly as possible”
NURSING - Virginia Henderson
50
Nursing Need Theory
Virginia Henderson
51
* Have basic needs that are components of health.
* Requiring assistance to achieve health and independence or a peaceful death.
* Mind and body are inseparable and interrelated.
* Considers the biological, psychological, sociological, and spiritual components.
* The theory presents the patient as sum of parts with biopsychosocial needs, and the patient is neither client nor consumer.
PERSON
52
* Settings in which an individual learns unique patterns for living.
* All external conditions and influences that affect life and development.
* Individuals in relation to families.
* Minimally discusses the impact of the community on the individual and family.
* Supports tasks of private and public agencies.
ENVIRONMENT
53
* Equated with independence, viewed in terms of the client’s ability to perform 14 components of nursing care unaided.
* Nurses need to stress promotion of ____ and prevention and cure of disease.
* Good ____ is a challenge. Affected by age, cultural background, physical and intellectual capacities, and emotional balance
HEALTH
54
* Assists and supports the individual in life activities and attainment of independence.
* Nurse serves to make patient “complete” “whole” or “independent”.
* Henderson’s classic definition of nursing:
* I say that the nurse does for others what they would do for themselves if they had the strength, the will, and the knowledge.
* But I go on to say that the nurse makes the patient independent of him or her as soon as possible”
NURSING
55
“Nurses care for patients until patients can care for themselves once again.” Patients desire to return to health (not explicit).
Virginia Henderson
56
Nurses are willing to serve and that “nurses will devote themselves to the patient day and night”.
Virginia Henderson
57
Whose major assumption is this? Nurses should be educated at the university level both arts and sciences.
Virginia Henderson
58
Health Promotion Model
Nola Pender
59
Who said this?
“Each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that affect subsequent action. The set of variables for behavioral specific knowledge and effect have important motivational significance. These variables can be modified through nursing action. Health promoting behaviors should result in improved health, enhanced functional ability and better quality of life at all stages of development”
Nola Pender
60
Who said this?
“Each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that affect subsequent action. The set of variables for behavioral specific knowledge and effect have important motivational significance. These variables can be modified through nursing action. Health promoting behaviors should result in improved health, enhanced functional ability and better quality of life at all stages of development”
Nola Pender
61
*She has developed a rational-choice model of healthcare. This is not really a nursing theory per se. but a psychological look at how human beings perceive themselves, their health and their ability to change their lifestyles to promote health.
*As a result of this focus, ____ model is normally called the “Health Promotion Model” of nursing.
Nola Pender
62
* This model is based on the idea that human beings are rational and will seek their advantage in health.
* But the nature of this rationality is tightly bounded by things like self-esteem, perceived advantaged of healthy behaviors, psychological state and previous behavior.
* As for the medical profession in general, the main purpose here is not merely to cure disease, but to promote healthy lifestyle and choices that affect the health of individuals.
Features
63
* The central ____ of this theory is to show the individual as self-determining, but as also determined by personal history and general personal characteristics.
* Health is a dynamic process, not a static state.
* Health, to put it differently, is a lifestyle conditioned by a number of choices made by the individual to actually live a healthy lifestyle.
* The individual is posited in this model as “being” healthy, “living” it rather than considering health as a static state. Health is a lifestyle.
Function
64
* The main ___ of Pender's model is that it puts the onus of healthcare reform on the person, not on the profession.
* Healthcare is a series of intelligent, rational choices that promote health concerning things like diet, exercise and positive thinking. All of these are choices and ingredients in living healthy.
Effects
65
* Health is up to the person.
* The ____ here is that the medical profession is really not the main ingredient in living a healthy lifestyle. They might be an important part, but always serve a secondary role to the basic rational choice of healthy living.
* The health profession, in other words, is useless unless individuals reformed their own lives and perception of what is healthy.
Significance
66
* As healthcare cost continue to climb, a rational alternative to dependency on the medical profession is the living of a rational, i.e., healthy life is the ultimate antidote to rising healthcare costs, since a rational population is healthy one which would naturally drive down healthcare cost.
* Pender is an advocate of preventive medicine, which is another word for rational, healthy thinking and therefore, healthy and rational living.
Considerations
67
categorized as biological, psychological, and socio-cultural. These factors are predictive of a given behavior and shaped by the nature of the target behavior being considered.
PERSONAL FACTORS
68
* Includes variables such as age, gender, body mass index, pubertal status, aerobic capacity, strength, agility or balance.
PERSONAL BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
69
* Include variable such as self-esteem, self-motivation, personal competence, perceived health status and definition of health.
PERSONAL PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
70
* Include variables such as race, ethnicity, socio-culturation, education and socioeconomic status.
* Behavior specific cognition and effect.
PERSONAL SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS
71
* Anticipated, positive outcomes that will occur from health behavior.
Perceived Benefits of Action
72
* Anticipated, imagined or real blocks and personal cost of understanding a given behavior.
Perceived Barriers to Action
73
* Judgement of personal capacity to organize and execute a health-promoting behavior. Perceived self-efficacy influences perceived barriers to actions so higher efficacy result in lowered perception of barriers to the performance of the behavior.
Perceived Self Efficacy
74
* Subjective positive or negative feeling that occurs before, during and following behavior based on the stimulus properties of the behavior itself.
* Activity related affect influences perceived self-efficacy, which, means the more the positive the subjective the feeling, the greater the feeling of efficacy. In turn, increased the feeling of efficacy can generate further positive effect.
Activity Related Affect
75
* Cognition concerning behaviors, beliefs or attitudes of the others.
* Interpersonal influences includes norms (expectation of significant other), social support (instrumental and emotional encouragement), and modeling (various learning through observing others engaged in a particular behavior).
* Primary sources of interpersonal influence are families, peers, and healthcare providers.
Interpersonal Influence
76
* Personal perceptions and cognitions of any given situation or context that can facilitate or impede behavior.
* Include perception of options available, demand characteristics and aesthetic features of the environment in which given health promoting is proposed to take place.
* may have direct or indirect influences on health behavior.
Situational Influence
77
The concept of intention and identification of a planned strategy leads to implementation of health behavior.
Commitment to Plan Action
78
are those alternative behaviors over which individuals have low control because there are environmental contingencies such as work or family care responsibilities.
Competing demands
79
are alternative behavior over which individuals exert relatively high control, such as choice of ice cream or apple for a snack.
Competing preferences
80
* Endpoint or action outcome directed toward attaining positive health outcome such as optimal well-being, personal fulfillment and productive living.
Health Promoting Behavior
81
* Theory of Interpersonal Relationship
HILDEGARD E. PEPLAU
82
* “Nursing is an interpersonal process because it involves interaction between two or more individuals with a common goal. Nursing is therapeutic in that it is a healing art assisting an individual who is sick or in need of health care”
HILDEGARD E. PEPLAU
83
It involves:
* Understanding of one’s behaviour
* Helping others identify felt difficulties
* Applying principles of human relations to the problems that arise at all levels of experiences.
Psychodynamic nursing
84
The three sequential phases in the interpersonal nurse-patient relationship are allows:
1. Orientation Phase
2. Working Phase
3. Resolution Phase
85
* Problem defining phase.
ORIENTATION PHASE
86
receives the client in the same way one meets a stranger in other life situations. Provides an accepting climate that build trust.
Stranger
87
* who imparts knowledge in reference to a need or interest.
Teacher
88
* one who provides a specific needed information that aids in the understanding of a problem or new situation.
Resource Person
89
* helps to understand and integrate the meaning of current life circumstances, provides guidance and encouragement to make changes.
Counselor
90
* helps to clarify domain of dependence, interdependence, and independence; and acts on clients behalf as an advocate.
Surrogate
91
* helps client assume maximum responsibility for meeting treatment goals in a mutually satisfying way.
Leader
92
* A developing organism that tries to reduce anxiety caused by needs.
Person
93
* Existing forces outside the organism and in the context of culture.
Environment
94
* A word symbol that implies forward movement of personality and other ongoing human processes in the direction of creative, constructive, productive, personal and community living.
Health
95
* A significant therapeutic interpersonal process.
* It functions cooperatively with other human processes that make health possible for individuals in communities.
* According to Peplau (1952/1988), ___ is therapeutic because it is a healing art, assisting an individual who is sick or in need of health care.
Nursing
96
* A significant therapeutic interpersonal process.
* It functions cooperatively with other human processes that make health possible for individuals in communities.
* According to Peplau (1952/1988), ___ is therapeutic because it is a healing art, assisting an individual who is sick or in need of health care.
Nursing
