Chapter 1

Question 1

It was recognized that, to develop nursing as an academic discipline and a profession, a body of knowledge to guide nursing practice is essential.

Answer 1

Nursing Theory

Question 2

Plays a vital role in guiding critical thinking in nursing practice.

Answer 2

Nursing Theory

Question 3

Theory informs practice and vice versa.

Answer 3

Nursing theory

Question 4

The backbone of clinical care.

Answer 4

Nursing theory

Question 5

What year is the Focuses on manipulation of the environment for the benefit of the patient.

Answer 5

1859 & 1992

Question 6

“Notes on Nursing”

Answer 6

Florence Nightingale

Question 7

Need to prepare nurses at the graduate level for administrative and faculty position was recognized

Answer 7

1950s “The Columbia School”

Question 8

Focus of theoretical thinking in nursing changed.

Answer 8

1960s, The Yale School

Question 9

A timeless legacy for the nursing profession.

Answer 9

Florence Nightingale

Question 10

developed graduate education programs to meet these functional needs.

Answer 10

The Columbia School

Question 11

They considered patient problems and needs to be the practice focus.

Answer 11

The Columbia School

Question 12

suggested that nursing knowledge is based on a theory of nursing diagnosis that is different from medical diagnosis.

Answer 12

Dorothy Johnson

Question 13

Theoretical thinking in nursing moved from a problem/need and functional role focus to the relationship between the nurse and the patient.

Answer 13

The Yale School of

Question 14

The Yale’s school theoretical position was influenced by

Answer 14

Henderson, Orlando and Wiedenbach.

Question 15

It was in this decade that many nursing theories were first presented.

Answer 15

1970

Question 16

Many nursing theories were revised based on the research findings that expanded them.

Answer 16

1980s

Question 17

There were numerous research studies that were tested and helped expand the nursing theory.

Answer 17

1990s

Question 18

In 1992, Parse changed the language of her theory from Man-Living-Health to the theory of

Answer 18

Human Becoming

Question 19

The Eras of Nursing Knowledge

Answer 19

1. Curriculum Era (1900-1940s)
2. Research Era (1950-1970s)
3. Graduate Education Era (1950-1970s)
4. Theory Era (1980-1990s)
5. Theory Utilization Era (21” Century)

Question 20

efforts to understand the nature of the knowledge needed for the practice of nursing are evident from an emphasis on curricular content and the movement toward the goal of standardized curricula.

Answer 20

Curriculum Era

Question 21

“fundamentals,” which means

Answer 21

“basic essentials,”

Question 22

Nursing procedures were taught and practiced in a ward-like classroom called a “____” laboratory.

Answer 22

“nursing arts”

Question 23

later decades, when nursing curricula emphasized science and research, these rooms were referred to as

Answer 23

“skills labs”

Question 24

The move of nursing into higher schools of learning brought with it a significant change in the search for a substantive body of knowledge.

Answer 24

Research Era

Question 25

During this era, a series of conferences brought nurses together to exchange ideas and evaluate what had been learned in their doctorate programs in other fields that could address nursing’s knowledge — building needs.

Answer 25

Graduate Education Era

Question 26

began with a strong emphasis on development.

Answer 26

The theory era

Question 27

is the “intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/ or evaluating information gathered from, or generated by, obseriation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and action”

Answer 27

Critical - thinking

Question 28

The year emphasis was on curriculum and nursing education and nursing experienced a phenomenal expansion of nursing programs with an emphasis on nursing principles and procedures and training for basic nursing.

Answer 28

1920s and 1930s

Question 29

The year of nursing began the move into higher education; graduate programs were developed; and nursing research began to be conducted as nursing developed as a scientific discipline.

Answer 29

1940s and 1950s

Question 30

is specific to academia and refers to a branch of education, department of learning, or a domain of knowledge.

Answer 30

discipline

Question 31

refers to a specialized field of practice founded on the theoretical structure of the science or knowledge of the discipline and accompanying practice abilities.

Answer 31

profession