Finals Flashcards
What is the hidden curriculum?
A set of lessons, values and norms inadvertently taught at schools
What is an example of a hidden curriculum?
Boys are better at math and science, while girls are better at humanities
What was a concern now that women were allowed to go to school?
A concern that women have become more masculine while men are becoming feminine
Who was the first woman to be granted a degree?
A Canadian woman
How did children’s books change today?
They placed less emphasis on pro-male bias
What did Ryerson believe about girls and schooling?
They should be allowed to go to school to uphold and image but shouldn’t be paid
Where does gender intensification occur for both genders?
During adolescence
What do Kimmel and Holler attribute to the decline in girls self-esteem?
They learned that their appearance was valued more than their skills
What occurred during adolescence for girls?
During junior high, girls self-esteem dropped significantly
What occurred during adolescence in boys?
They were four times more likely to go to a child psychologist, and were more likely to be placed in special education classes
Why do boys struggle with ‘feminine’ subjects like english?
They were pressured to conform to typical masculine subjects
What is the difference between bullying and sexual harassment?
Sexual harassment is about gender
By the 1980s, who made up the majority of university undergraduate students?
Women
Which group was the self-esteem drop not visible in?
Black girls aged 9-14
Who often were the victims of bullying?
Boys
When it comes to education workplaces where are most men and women found?
Women are found more in elementary education, while men are found in high school and university settings
What two spheres separate the division of labour?
The private and public spheres
What percentage of the global workforce do women make up?
40 percent
Why did women lose their jobs less than men did?
Women chose lower paying, safer jobs compared to men who chose to do more dangerous but higher paying jobs
How much money must a man make to uphold the breadwinner/housewife model?
At least 230,000$
How does Hymonwitz explain the wage gap?
Men earn more than woman as they dedicate more work to the public sphere
How do Kimmel and Holler debate Hymonwitz’s claims?
That his explanation isn’t valid to why women earn an 8 percent difference
What is vertical segregation?
Segregation associated with differences in education and skill
What is horizontal segregation?
Segregation within occupations with similar education levels and skills but in different fields
What is the purpose of the glass ceiling and sticky floor?
To keep women in lower paying jobs
If sexual harassment is less about attraction, what is the purpose?
It is more about repulsion and using power against a person
What does Farrell argue?
That men are the real victims of the workplace -> The glass cellar
What does the ideal body look like?
An able bodied male
What kind of sport is most different amongst men and women?
Throwing
What is gender ideology?
The idea that there are only two genders, and everything else is seen as deviant
Who coined the term ‘male gaze’?
Mulvey
What was the ‘ideal’ womanly body according to Kimmel and Holler?
They were maternal
What was the ‘ideal’ manly body according to Kimmel and Holler?
Active, powerful and capable
Who is more likely to develop eating disorders?
Middle-class white girls
What is muscular dysphoria?
Where people feel insufficiently muscular
What did Quaig coin the term for male eating disorders?
Manorexia
What did Kimmel and Holler argue about bodily beautification?
That most of us spend a lot of time on it
What has become a growing industry?
Plastic surgery
Who is Hirscheld?
A german academic who was interested in same-sex relationships
What is the difference between transgender and transexuals?
Transexuals buy into the medical model of sex and gender
What is the gatekeeper model?
A patient must be medically diagnosed with gender dysphoria before they can be transitioned
What do Kimmel and Holler suggest about sexuality?
Patriarchy has always played a role in appropriate sexual expression
What did Christianity demand?
Abstinence
Was same-sex attraction considered a sin?
No, but it was considered abnormal
When did a double standard for men and women emerge?
The Victorian Era
What is compulsory heterosexuality?
Interactions and expectations that people are heterosexual
What is sexology?
Constituted how people express sexuality
Who coined the term compulsory heterosexuality?
Rich
What did Kimmel and Holler argue the most successful drug is?
Viagra
Is there a connection between negative attitudes towards women and porn?
No conclusive studies
