Chapter 5-6 Flashcards
Who coined the phrase: The sociological imagination?
Mills
What is the social constructionist perspective of gender?
- Gender varies from culture to culture
- Defintions vary in anyone culture over time
- Gender varies over the course of one’s life
- Race, gender, class etc. impact gender
Why do Kimmel and Holler agree that the social constructionist approach best represents gender?
It acknowledges difference and how power affects gender expression
What factor plays a massive role in gender?
The institution
Why is sex-role theory not effective when it comes to explaining gender?
Minimizes the importance of gender, dramatizes the gap between genders, does not incorporate change
What do Kimmel and Holler believe about sex-role theory?
Used race and gender to blame the victims – victims internalize the values of an oppressive system
What is Sambo’s Theory of Oppression?
What do Kimmel and Holler believe about gender in relation to power?
That gender was about power and inequality
What is power?
Power is a relationship, one which is given to others
What does life course perspective believe?
Gender happens throughout our lives, sexual peaks and mid-life crisis
What does the life course perspective believe about happiness?
That it is U-shaped
What did Goffman believe about gender?
Why does our behavior change in the public sphere
What is androcentrism?
Seeing the world through the eyes of a man
How is gender impacted on a micro level?
Through symbolic interactionism
Why is sex-role theory not effective when explaining gender?
It ignores the role of power
Who wrote the second sex?
Beauvoir
What did Beauvoir write?
“One is not born a woman, rather, one becomes a woman.”
What did Beauvoir believe?
Believed that gender had very to do with sex itself, rather, it is dependent on the way we are socialized by society
What did Kimmel and Holler believe about Wave 1 feminism?
Woman demanded recognition of their rights
Many women who partook in Wave 1 feminism were essentialists, what is an essentialist?
Tend to portray women in a better light, believed that men and women were different when it came to behavior
What impacted during Wave 2 feminism?
Beauvoir’s “The Second Sex”
What was questioned during the Wave 2 feminism?
Whether men and women were really different
What was Friedan’s ‘The feminine mystique?’
How privileged women live vicariously through their husbands and children
What did Radical Feminists believe?
That the personal was political
Which thinker was involved in the creation of The National Organization for Women? (NOW)
Friedan
How did NOW impact feminism?
Drew up bills for abortion and for equal rights
What are things NOW didn’t include?
Lesbian rights, rights for women of colour
What did Crenshaw believe about intersectionality?
That black women raced two forms of discrimination in racism and sexism
What defined Wave 3 feminism?
Opposed the idea of a universal female subject – impossible to create a form of feminism fit for all women
What did Butler believe about gender?
That gender was performative, and this performance produces sexed bodies
What are Chads and Stacys?
Chads are men who are successful with women while Stacys are people who reject incels
How does society relate to queer theory?
Society constructs what ‘gay’ is and who is and isn’t ‘gay’
Does society influence gender or sex?
Gender
Who coined the phrases “Hegemonic masculinity” and “Emphasized femininity”?
Connell
What is Hegemonic masculinity?
The dominant form of masculinity, whereas other forms are seen as inferior
What is Emphasized femininity?
Compliance to gender inequality and accommodating men
Why was Connell’s work significant?
Led to acknowledgement that there were different ways of doing masculinity
Why did Men’s rights have an uneasy relationship with feminism?
They were both on polar ends of the spectrum
Why was Goldberg so popular among frustrated men?
His words resonated with a group of men who were also frustrated by the way women treated them
What are three themes which dominated men’s rights movements?
All domestic violence allegations were false, joint custody should be lessened (same with child support), women were perpetrators of domestic abuse
Which gender tends to get policed more?
Boys
What did Hochschild say about housework and childcare?
Many women preform double shifts: one at work and one at home
Who is more responsible for emotional work?
Women
What was the negative impact of daycare on children?
There was no negative impacts on children
What was the “tender years principle?”
Custody of the child was automatically given to the mother
What happened to fathers who were involved with their kids after a divorce?
They were more likely to be absent later
What did Wallerstein believe about divorce?
That divorce had adverse side effects on the child
What kind of behaviours did children with same-sex parents exhibit?
Children were more gender egalitarian, and daughters were more assertive and confident
Is divorce the cause of unhappiness?
No
Who coined ‘the second shift?’
Hochschild
What is the other side of the ‘feminization of poverty?’
masculinization of irresponsibility
Historically, how did indigenous people’s family structure differ from others?
It was egalitarian, and included extended families and clan structures
What kind of family structure did Iroquois people have?
Matrilineal and matrilocal
What was manhood?
A landowner, the head of a household, and someone who participates in community and political life
What is the demographic transition?
High birthrates and mortality rates to slow birth and mortality rates
What was accentuated during industrialization?
The strict division of labour in society
What is LICO?
Low income cut-off
How often do people get married in Canada?
Less than half of people get married, most are only common-law partners
