Chapter 1 - 4

Question 1

What is replacement theory? (In regards to Matt Walsh?)

Answer 1

He believes that if more immigrants come into America, they will replace all white people

Question 2

What is interplanetary theory?

Answer 2

The idea that men and women so different that they might as well come from other planets

Question 3

What are the schools of thought?

Answer 3

Biological determinism and Differential socialization

Question 4

What is biological determinism?

Answer 4

The idea that men and women have different hormones, reproductive systems and brain chemistries

Question 5

What is differential socialization?

Answer 5

Men and women aren’t necessarily born different, rather they are socialized differently

Question 6

What did Kimmel and Holler believe regarding the differences between men and women?

Answer 6

Men and women are more alike, while women and women were vastly differed – the same went for men and men

Question 7

What is the difference between sex and gender?

Answer 7

Sex refers to physical differences, while gender is an ascribed status to sex bodies

Question 8

Why do gender traditionalists project their views onto others?

Answer 8

The are scared of seeing things that deviate from the norm

Question 9

Is there any proof that homosexuality is biological?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

What did Kimmel and Holler believe about both school of thought?

Answer 10

They believed that both schools of thought were inaccurate of incomplete

Question 11

What is social constructionism?

Answer 11

Because of the way we view things, our views are often skewed – either made up or socially constructed

Question 12

How can projection influence the results of our tests?

Answer 12

We see things that aren’t actually true or valid based on our own interpretations of the subject

Question 13

Which sex has gender?

Answer 13

Both males and females have gender

Question 14

What did E. O Wilson believe?

Answer 14

He believed that genes held culture on a leash

Question 15

What did Theologians believe the difference between men and women were?

Answer 15

That they had difference essences or souls

Question 16

Why was Darwin’s book controversial?

Answer 16

Because rather than humans being graced by god, they came about as a result of evolution

Question 17

What argument did Darwin make about the difference between men and women?

Answer 17

Men and women are only different through their mental dispositions

Question 18

What is social Darwinism? Who created it?

Answer 18

Scientific racism created by Spencer to pervert Darwin’s work

Question 19

What was Spencer also credited with?

Answer 19

The field of eugenics

Question 20

What did Kimmel and Holler believe was the difference between Darwin and social Darwinism?

Answer 20

Darwin explained changes over a millennia while social Darwinism merely explained differences over generations

Question 21

How do scientists study gender differences?

Answer 21

From a biological perspective

Question 22

Is there a link between the Y chromosome and aggression?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

Does testosterone vary among men and women?

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

Is there a link between chromosomes and hormones in relation to behavior?

Answer 24

No – its difficult to determine

Question 25

Is there a difference between gay brains and heterosexual brains?

Answer 25

There were no valid results showing that heterosexual and homosexual brains were different

Question 26

What did Freud believe was the difference between men and women?

Answer 26

They had different personalities

Question 27

What are the three parts of Freud's psychoanalytical theory?

Answer 27

The id, the ego, and the super ego

Question 28

What are the five stages of Freud's psychosexual development?

Answer 28

The oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital

Question 29

What stage is sexual orientation and gender developed? Where is it refined?

Answer 29

Developed in the phallic stage, refined in the genital stage

Question 30

Is gender and sexual orientation formed at the same time?

Answer 30

Yes -- they both form in the phallic stage, according to Freud

Question 31

What are the three points Kimmel and Holler raised about Freud's work?

Answer 31

He separated gender and sexuality from biology, and linked gender identity to sexual orientation, restated that gender stereotypes were successful adaptations of ego

Question 32

What are some criticisms regarding Freud?

Answer 32

Based on his theories on upper-middle class women from Vienna, interpreted their dreams while high on cocaine, used slips of the tongue as solid evidence

Question 33

What are the two roles Parson theorized?

Answer 33

Instrumental roles and expressive roles

Question 34

What did Parsons believed about society?

Answer 34

That society generated roles to ensure that society continues onwards

Question 35

What did Ben believe? (Gender Schema Theory)

Answer 35

He believed that gender identity was learned and that everyone is born gender neutral

Question 36

What are some criticisms regarding gender role theory?

Answer 36

That its monolithic for both girls and boys, and that it obscures power

Question 37

How did feminism play a role in sex-role theory?

Answer 37

They contested many findings

Question 38

What did Mead believe about sex differences?

Answer 38

That they were learned

Question 39

What did functionalists believe? (When it came to the topic of division of labour.)

Answer 39

All societies are divided by gender

Question 40

What did Functionalists believe about sex-based division of labour?

Answer 40

That it was both functional and natural

Question 41

What does the term Familia refer to?

Answer 41

How many family members and slaves a man owned

Question 42

What did Engles believe about capitalism?

Answer 42

“The world historical defeat of the female sex”

Question 43

How do humans cope with the unknown?

Answer 43

Through the use of religion

Question 44

Why can't we decipher behavior using biological and psychological models?

Answer 44

That are both inadequate

Question 45

Who were the two studies which were similar to each other?

Answer 45

The Arapesh and the Mundugamor

Question 46

How did primitive societies encourage warfare?

Answer 46

By rewarding male soldiers with women

Question 47

What is decent theory?

Answer 47

The fixed nature of a mother-child bond, the bond between males and the next generation

Question 48

What is alliance theory?

Answer 48

That men bond by turning women into sex objects

Question 49

How is Female Genital Mutilation 'justified?'

Answer 49

Done for “cleanliness’, preventing promiscuity, and feminine appearance

Question 50

How is male circumcision different from FGM?

Answer 50

FMG is invasive and can permanently damage female reproductive organs

Question 51

What is parental investment theory?

Answer 51

Tend to be picky when choosing mates as they have to invest more time into offspring

Question 52

What was the result of the research Buss did on 10,000 people from cultures around the world?

Answer 52

Women valued economic prosperity while men valued fertility and appearance

Question 53

What was the single most valued trait among all participants in Buss' study?

Answer 53

Kindess

Question 54

What have sociobiologists condoned the comparison of?

Answer 54

The comparison between animals and human behaviours

Question 55

What two stages of differentiation are the most important?

Answer 55

Fetal stage and puberty

Question 56

What is the difference between polyandry and polygyny?

Answer 56

Polyandry: Women having multiple husbands Polygyny: Men having multiple wives

Question 57

How was Mead accused of cultural determinism?

Answer 57

for allowing herself to be duped by her informants, and for misinterpreting the cultures she studied

Question 58

What did Engles believe the three chief institutions in society were?

Answer 58

A capitalistic economy, a nation-state and a nuclear family

Question 59

What is cultural relativism?

Answer 59

Not judging a culture based on what ones own culture thinks is right or strange