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Middle School Geography > Finals 1 > Flashcards

Finals 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Geography

A

The study of the earth and of human activity.

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2
Q

Globe

A

3-D spherical representation of the earth.

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3
Q

Map

A

2-D representation of the earth.

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4
Q

Map Projection

A

A way of drawing the earth’s surface to reduce distortion (2-D)

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5
Q

Movement

A

The movement of people or movement between people

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6
Q

Region

A

An area defined by common characteristics

Language
Culture
Region
etc

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7
Q

Human-Environment Interaction

A

Human adaptation and/or modification to its environment

wearing jacket

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8
Q

Absolute Location

A

Exact location of a place

Longitude/Latitude

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9
Q

Relative Location

A

Descriptions of a place in relation to another

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10
Q

Physical Characteristics

A

Things defined by nature or mountains

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11
Q

Human Characteristics

A

Things that come from humans

Roads

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12
Q

Hemisphere

A

Imaginary line that divides the earth into two halves

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13
Q

Equator

A

Imaginary line that divides the earth into North and South

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14
Q

Prime Meridian

A

Longitude line that divides the earth into East and West

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15
Q

Longitude

A

Imaginary lines that go East and West of the Prime Meridian

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16
Q

Lattitude

A

Imaginary lines that gos North and South of the Equator

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17
Q

Physical Map

A

Shows naturally made landmarks such as rivers, lakes and mountains.

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18
Q

Political Map

A

Shows the boundaries of countries, states, and counties.

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19
Q

Weather Map

A

Shows climate and weather conditions such as temperature, rain, and snow.

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20
Q

Road Map

A

Shows transportation routes and roads in a particular area.

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21
Q

Time Zones

A

Standard time for an area of a geographical location

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22
Q

Isthmus

A

A narrow strip of land that connects to lands (mainly countries/continents).

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23
Q

Mountains

A

An area of raised land that have a POINTY top

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24
Q

Hills

A

A raised area of land that has a ROUND top.

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25
Plateau
A raised area of land that has a FLAT top
26
Valley
A low area of land between mountains or hills.
27
Peninsula
A piece of land that extends outward and is surrounded by water on all but one sides.
28
Archipelago
A collection of smaller islands with one main big island.
29
Lake
A small body of water completely surrounded by land.
30
River
A major stream of water that typically flows to the ocean.
31
Culture
A way of life of a group of people who share traditions, interests, and beliefs.
32
Cultural Hearths
A place where civilizations began.
33
Cultural Diffusion
The spread of people, ideas, practices, and goods from one culture to another.
34
Democracy
People who vote for their leader
35
Republic
Ruled by representative
36
Constitutional Monarchy
Mixed-from of government between the kind/queen and a representative body (Parliament)
37
Communist
Government owns everything and all decisions are made for the masses.
38
Capitalism
Economic system where private businesses operate with little government interference.
39
Socialism
Economic system where government decides how resources will be used and distributed.
40
2-Major Mountains in the U.S.
Rocky Mountains Appalachian Mountains
41
Major River in the U.S.
Mississippi River
42
5-Great Lakes in the U.S.
Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Eerie, and Superior.
43
From what land Bridge did the first Natives travel on to get to the Americas?
Bering Land Bridge
44
Which 3-European nations colonized North America?
Spain, France, and Great Britain.
45
Europeans came to the Americas for what reason?
Farming Valuable minerals (gold) Political Freedom Religious Freedom
46
Resources within the Northern England Colonies
Fishing Shipbuilding Trade Manufacturing
47
Resources within the Southern England Colonies
Crops - tobacco Enslaved Africans
48
What year did the 13-colonies fight for independence?
1775
49
Which two groups colonized Canada?
France Great Britain
50
When did Lower and Upper Canada Unite?
1841
51
What is multicultural
Someone who has more than one culture.
52
What is Bilingual?
Having and speaking two languages.
53
What 2 countries did Spain colonize?
Central America South America
54
What U.S. states did Spain once own?
Florida, Texas, New Mexico, and California.
55
Latin America is in which hemisphere?
Western Hemisphere
56
Latin America's Land area includes what?
Mexico and Central America Caribbean Islands and South America
57
What do Latin American nations share similar?
History, culture, traditions, languages (Spanish and Portuguese).
58
What Series of mountains are in Mexico?
Sierra Mountains
59
Central America is what type of landform?
Isthmus
60
what kind of feature is the Panama Canal? What does it provide?
man-made feature proves a "short cut" to travel between the Pacificand Atlantic oceans.
61
What mountains run 4,500 miles along the West Coast of South America?
Andes Mountains
62
The largest tropical rainforest in South America is what?
Amazon Rainforest
63
The Amazon rainforest is nicknamed what?
Lungs of the Earth
64
The 2nd longest river in the world is what?
Amazon River
65
What were the 3-major native civilizations to exist in Meso- and South America?
Maya Aztec Inca
66
Who were the Mayanas?
Lived in Modern day Guatemala, Belize, and Yucatan Peninsula Created the Mayan Calendar We don't know why they disappeared
67
Who were the Aztecs?
Lived in Modern day Guatemala, Belize, and Yucatan Peninsula Capital was Tenochtitlan (Mexico city)
68
Who were the Incas?
Lived in the Andes Mountains of Peru. Known for the terrace farming. Conquered by Spanish Conquistador Francisco Pizarro
69
Colonial Period
Time when European nations ruled the colonies of South America
70
Agriculture
Farming
71
Ecotourism
The practice of using the natural environment to attract tourists.
72
Cacao
A tree that produces seeds used for making chocolate and cococa
73
Maize
corn
74
Mestizos
People descended from Native Americans and Portuguese settlers.
75
Chinampa
Artificial floating islands for farming/agricultural purposes (made by Aztecs).
76
Conquistadors
Spanish Soldiers
77
Quipu
Colored knots used to record historical events (made by Incas).
78
Duty Free
Without taxes
79
Literacy
The ability to read and write.
80
Ethnic Groups
Group of people that share the same national identity, culture, languages, etc.
81
Fjords
Narrow WATERWAYS along the coast of Norway often fed by glaciers
82
Two Ancient Civilizations of Europe that serves as the foundation of Western civilizations are?
Ancient Greece Ancient Rome
83
Briefly describe the Middle Ages
Came after the fall of the Roman Empire Central Government is replaced with feudalism - nobles are in control of their lands Church became powerful Jews settled in Eastern Europe Islam spread to Spain
84
What were Crusades?
Fight between Christians and Muslims for Jerusalem/Palestine (Holy Land)
85
Briefly describe the Renaissance Period
Period of great growth in art, architecture, music, and science from the 1300s to 1600s.
86
When did Europeans start exploring the world?
1400s Lead to trade increase, including slave trade and the colonization of countries.
87
What two World Wars occurred in Europe?
World War I World War II
88
What is the European Union (EU)?
European Union - Creating in the 90s to help European countries align and compete by eliminating trade and travel restrictions Common Currency - Euro
89
What are some other things to keep in mind?
For the final, you will be assessed on identifying absolute locations. You will also be assessed on written responses to a short reading regarding Europe..

Middle School Geography (4 decks)

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