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8th History > Finale 150 > Flashcards

Finale 150 Flashcards

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1
Q

Virginia Company

A

A joint stock company that gained a garter to establish Jamestown

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2
Q

Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?

A

To get new land and spread Christianity

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3
Q

Jamestown

A

Established by the Virginian company that looked for gold and silver but was saved by tobacco

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4
Q

John Smith

A

Governor of Jamestown for its first two years.

Built strong relationship with Chief Powhatan

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5
Q

Pocahontas

A

Known for saving John Smith’s life and bringing some peace to British/Native American relations after her marriage to Rolfe

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6
Q

John Rolfe

A

Learned how to grow tobacco

Married the daughter of Chief Powhatan, Pocahontas

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7
Q

Tobacco

A

Saved Jamestown

Allowed Virginian to grow and prosper

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8
Q

Bacon’s Rebellion

A

Bacon led people to Jamestown and to set it on fire
Bacon died from illness
Had shown that the settlers were not content with being restricted to the coast
More land was opened up for settlement

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9
Q

Plymouth Colony

A

Colony of pilgrims

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10
Q

Pilgrims

A

Separatists who came to the colonies for religious freedom

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11
Q

Mayflower

A

Boat that pilgrims came to America on in September 1620

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12
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

A document that provided the laws and helped developed government in America

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13
Q

William Bradford

A

The pilgrims were led by Will for over 30 years
Responsible for Thanksgiving
Most famous for writing Plymouth Plantation

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14
Q

Squanto and Samoset

A

Befriended some pilgrims and showed them how to grow corn, beans, and squash and showed them where to hunt and fish

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15
Q

Puritans

A

Protests who wanted reform

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16
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony

A

Established in 1629 by a group of Puritans that based this colony on the Bible

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17
Q

John Winthrop

A

Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

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18
Q

Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams

A

Both taken to trial over disregarding with Puritans and were kicked out of Massachusetts
Formed Rhode Island

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19
Q

Salem Witch Trials

A

A series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witch craft where many who were falsely accused were killed

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20
Q

William Penn

A

Formed Pennsylvania

Quicker that write their constitution

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21
Q

Quakers

A

Believe everyone has an “inner light”to lead them to salvation
Believed that everyone was equal
Tolerant to other people’s views
Pacifists
Positive treatment towards women and Native Americans

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22
Q

Pacifists

A

People who refuse to fight in wars or use force

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23
Q

James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony

A

First governor of Georgia

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24
Q

First Great Awakening

A

A religious revival that swept through the colonies

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25
Q

Triangular Trade

A

A system that slaves, crops, and manufactured goods were traded between Africa, the Caribbean and America Colonies

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26
Q

Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon

A

A group of representatives met in Albany NY, to try and discuss the possible war threat between the French and British
Cartoon written by Benjamin Franklin

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27
Q

John Peter Zenger Trial

A

Accused the governor of New York of corruption the New York Weekly journal and was thrown in jail
Found not guilty and helped lead us to freedom of the press

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28
Q

Cause of French and Indian War

A

France and Great Britain want to gain an upper hand on the other country in America

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29
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

The Treaty of Paris 1763 ends the French and Indian War and is the end of power in North America for the French

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30
Q

The Sugar Act

A

Tax on molasses to try and convince people to stop smuggling
During this British officers were allowed to seize goods without court which goes against the idea of innocent until proven guilty

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31
Q

The Stamp Act

A

A tax on almost all printed material in the colonies

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32
Q

Patrick Henry

A

Persuaded the House Of Burgesses to take action against the Stamp Act and is the most anti-British political action from the colonist

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33
Q

The Boston Massacre

A

A fight breaks out between towns people and British soldiers
Bostonians threw stones,shovels, clubs, etc. at the soldiers

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34
Q

The Boston Tea Party

A

Midnight December 16, 1773 a group of colonists led by the Sons Of Liberty board an East India Trading Company Ship when it is set to be unloaded and they destroy the tea by throwing it into the Boston Harbor
Done as a result if the Tea Act

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35
Q

The Intolerable/Coercive Acts

A

Harsh laws intended to punish Massachusetts citizens as a reaction to the Boston Tea Party

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36
Q

Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty

A

A secret society formed to protect the rights of the colonists and fight taxation by the British and was founded by Samuel Adams

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37
Q

John Hancock

A

The Liberty was owned by John Hancock, a well known protester

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38
Q

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

A

He called for the colonies to have complete independence from Great Britain
Believes that the colonies should be a refuge from tyrants and persecution

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39
Q

Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance

A

July 4, 1776 in Philadelphia, written by Thomas Jefferson

Purpose was to explain why the colonies chase to from a new nation

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40
Q

Cause of American Revolutionary War

A

The American people didn’t want people an ocean away telling them how to live their lives

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41
Q

Loyalist

A

Colonists that were still loyal to Great Britain, also called Tories
20% of colonists were Loyalists

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42
Q

Patriots

A

Determined to fight until independence was won

43
Q

Battle of Saratoga

A

Turning point of the war

After Saratoga, France and Spain became a,lies of the colonies

44
Q

Winter at Valley Forge

A

A time of terrible suffering without decent food, clothing, or shelter for Washington and his troops

45
Q

Battle of Yorktown

A

The last major battle of the American Revolutionary War was the battle if Yorktown
Washington walks for 10 weeks to Yorktown, Virginia and British believe he’s in New York
Cornwallis was forced to surrender

46
Q

Benedict Arnold

A

Hero of battle of Saratoga

Wife arranged to get him a higher ranking in British

47
Q

Lead commander of the Patriots troops in the war

A

George Washington

48
Q

Marquis de La Fayette

A

Believed that the future of America had a great influences on the future of mankind

49
Q

Friedrich von Steuben

A

Drilled the troops at valley forge

50
Q

Francis Marion

A

Man who helped patriots defend the south

51
Q

guerrilla warfare

A

A hit and run War technique

52
Q

Treaty of Paris 1783

A

Treaty that Ended the American Revolutionary War

53
Q

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

A

Created one territory out of the North of the Ohio River and East of the Mississippi

54
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

States that each state had one vote in Congress

Unsuccessful because of the government it provided was not strong enough to handle all of the problems of the country

55
Q

Shays’ Rebellion

A

An uprising by Massachusetts farmers to fight the governments taxes on poor farmers

56
Q

The Great Compromise

A

Established the model for congress used to this day

57
Q

The 3/5 Compromise

A

Allowed Southern States to count slaves as 3/5 of one free person representation

58
Q

The US Constitution – Father of, year, and purpose

A

Supreme law of the land
Father-James Maddison
1787

59
Q

Bill of Rights

A

1st 10 amendments to the constitution

60
Q

1st Amendment

A

Guarantees free speech, religion, assembly, press, and petition

61
Q

2nd Amendment

A

Rights for citizens to bear arms and for states to be able to maintain a militia

62
Q

4th Amendment

A

Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause

63
Q

5th Amendment

A

Natural rights can not be deprived without due process of law

64
Q

6th Amendment

A

You have the right to a speedy, public trial by an impartial

65
Q

Three Branches of Government and their purpose

A

Legislature- law making branch

Executive- carries out the law

Judicial- interprets laws or presidential Acts unconstitutional

66
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

A civil uprising against the taxing power of the Federal government

67
Q

Alexander Hamilton

A

1st secretary of treasury

68
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A

Alien Act- allowed president to deport aliens

Sedition Act- A crime to speak or write false criticisms to try and weaken the government

69
Q

Natchez Trace

A

Important route for trade between Mississippi and Nashville

70
Q

John Sevier

A

First governor of Tennessee

71
Q

Election of 1800

A

In 1817 James Monroe becomes the 5th president

72
Q

Louisiana Purchase

A

France agrees to sell this land for $15 million
Includes 830,000 square miles and double the size of the US
A group of federalist threatened to secede from the Union over the purchase

73
Q

Lewis and Clark Expedition

A

Sent on an expedition to explore territory and find its resources
They followed the Missouri River
Inspired people to go west and settle by sparking a sense of adventure

74
Q

Impressment and the attack of the Chesapeake

A

The US ship was intercepted by a British vessel demanding to search for dissenters
The captain refused and in turn the British commander attacked

75
Q

War Hawks from the War of 1812

A

People who pushed for war with Great British

76
Q

War of 1812 – DC burned, Fort McHenry, Battle of New Orleans

A

British forces were able to march into Washington DC and burned the capitol and the presidents mansion down

After Fort McHenry, Francis Scott Key was inspired to write the song “The Star-Spangled Banner” and the British decided that it wasn’t worth while to continue the war

Battle of New Orleans took place after peace treaty was signed

77
Q

The Star Spangled Banner

A

Written by Francis Scott Key

Inspired by the Battle at Fort McHenry

78
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

Put in place due to many Latin American nations gaining independence from Spain at the time

79
Q

Irish Potato Famine’s relationship to Immigration

A

Irish migrated to America because of lack of potatoes

80
Q

Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s convention

A

publicly fought for women’s suuferage

81
Q

Capitalism

A

Individuals put their capitol into a business in hopes of making a profit

82
Q

Free Enterprise System

A

People are free to buy, sell, and produce what they want and can work where they wish

83
Q

Supply and Demand

A

Prices/cost is set by supply and demand

84
Q

Number One Crop in the South in the 1800’s

A

Cotton

85
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

The change from an agrarian society to one based on industry

86
Q

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin – what it did and why that was important

A

Made collecting cotton easier and increased slavery

87
Q

Urban vs Rural

A

Urban- city

Rural- Country

88
Q

Wilderness Road

A

The route to Kentucky from the Atlantic Coast

89
Q

Daniel Boone

A

Blazed the trail that became the wilderness road

90
Q

Cumberland Gap

A

the mountains allowed for a path to be created that made a passage through the Appalachian Mountains

91
Q

The Corrupt Bargain

A

Henry Clay helps John Quincy Adams become president

92
Q

Andrew Jackson – spoils system, fight with the bank

A

Spoil system helps his supporters

Tried to kill banks by removing all federal funds

93
Q

Indian Removal Act

A

Act passed to remove the Native America and relocate them in modern day Oklahoma

94
Q

Trail of Tears

A

Relocation movement to move the Cherokee from Georgia to Oklahoma

95
Q

Sequoyah

A

Known for creating the Cherokee written alphabet

96
Q

William Henry Harrison’s Presidency

A

Was the shortest presidency ever that lasted 32 days

Died from pneumonia

97
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

Relieved that God gave the US the destination to move all the way to the Pacific Ocean

98
Q

Texas Rebellion

A

Texas declared independence in March 2, 1836 lone star republic

99
Q

The Alamo – battle significance

A

Made Texas free from Mexico

100
Q

Davy Crockett

A

Tennesseean who helped in the Alamo

101
Q

Oregon Trail

A

Used for settlers traveling to the Pacific Northwest

102
Q

James K Polk – President that fulfilled what?

A

Manifest Destiny

103
Q

Mexican War – Border dispute, Mexican Cession

A

Started Mexican American war then bought New Mexican and Texas for $15 million

104
Q

John Sutter and the California Gold Rush

A

Found gold in California doubled worldwide gold supply

Levi Strauss sold jeans

8th History (16 decks)

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