Final: US Health Care

Question 1

What country has the most technologically advanced health care system in the world?

Answer 1

United States. Also most expensive.

Question 2

Why has there been a flux of people from the US going to other countries to receive health care?

Answer 2

US health care has gotten too expensive for some procedures

Question 3

What rank is the US health care system?

Answer 3

37th

Question 4

What percent of GDP (gross domestic product) do we spend on health care?

Answer 4

16%

Question 5

What are two socialized aspects of medicine in the United States that we already have?

Answer 5

Medicare

VA Heath Care Service (largest health care system in the world)

Question 6

What percent of US citizens are covered by insurance?

Answer 6

80%

Question 7

What 3 things did the US health care evolve in response to?

Answer 7

1) Public health concerns
2) Growth in population
3) Industrialization

Question 8

What are some characteristics of the health care in the US?

Answer 8

• No central governing agency
• Focused on acute care
• High cost
• Unequal access

Question 9

What is the US health care partially governed by?

Answer 9

Market conditions and population needs

Question 10

As demand increases, the supply price ________.

Answer 10

decreases

Question 11

As supply increases, demand price ________

Answer 11

decreases

Question 12

What was created by insurances in order for consumers not to take advantage of high supply, low costs?

Answer 12

Insurance made copays and deductibles.

Question 13

What is a moral hazard? Example.

Answer 13

Buying or doing something just because it is cheap.

Example: Have a bruise on arm but getting an MRI because it is readily available and cheap. (Insurance made deductibles and copays to resolve this)

Question 14

What does social justice believe?

Answer 14

• Health care is a social good.
• Planned rationing
• Distribution of health care is a societal responsibility

Question 15

What does market justice believe?

Answer 15

• Market forces in free economy can best achieve a fair distribution of health care
• Health care is an economic good
• Demand-side rationing

Question 16

US health care has an ongoing quest for _________ and _____________.

Answer 16

Integration; accountability

Question 17

What were the 4 major Eras in Health Care in US? When were they?

Answer 17

Era I: 1850 to 1900
Era II: 1900 to WWII
Era III: WWII to early 1980s
Era IV: 1980s to present

Question 18

When was Era I? What was it about? What plan was made?

Answer 18

• 1850 to 1900
• Institutionalization of Health Care
• Kirkbride Planrefers to a system ofmental asylumdesign advocate byPhiladelphiapsychiatrist.

Question 19

What were the first institutionalized healthcare hospitals in US?

Answer 19

Mental health asylums and TB sanitariums

Question 20

When was Era II? What was it about? What Act was passed?

Answer 20

• 1900 to WWII
• Introduction of scientific method
• Hill Burton Act

Question 21

What was the Hill Burton Act?

Answer 21

Passed in 1946.

• No discrimination based on race, color, national origin, or creed, though separated but equal facilities.
• Required to provide a ‘reasonable volume’ of free care each year.
• The states and localities were also required to prove the economic viability of the facility in question.

Question 22

True or False:
Once medicare and Medicaid were enacted, hospitals using the Hill-Burton funding had to accept medicare and medicaid money.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

When was Era III? What was it about? What deal was made?

Answer 23

WWII to early 1980s
Change in the structure of Healthcare
FDR’s New Deal = Social Security

Question 24

When was Era IV? What was it about?

Answer 24

• 1980s to present

- Limited resources & restricted growth

Question 25

When did health care reform take center stage? When did it begin?

Answer 25

In Era IV

Began in 1990 with the Clinton administration and is currently going on.

Question 26

What is another name for Affordable Care Act?

Answer 26

Obamacare