Final: US Health Care Flashcards
What country has the most technologically advanced health care system in the world?
United States. Also most expensive.
Why has there been a flux of people from the US going to other countries to receive health care?
US health care has gotten too expensive for some procedures
What rank is the US health care system?
37th
What percent of GDP (gross domestic product) do we spend on health care?
16%
What are two socialized aspects of medicine in the United States that we already have?
Medicare
VA Heath Care Service (largest health care system in the world)
What percent of US citizens are covered by insurance?
80%
What 3 things did the US health care evolve in response to?
1) Public health concerns
2) Growth in population
3) Industrialization
What are some characteristics of the health care in the US?
- No central governing agency
- Focused on acute care
- High cost
- Unequal access
What is the US health care partially governed by?
Market conditions and population needs
As demand increases, the supply price ________.
decreases
As supply increases, demand price ________
decreases
What was created by insurances in order for consumers not to take advantage of high supply, low costs?
Insurance made copays and deductibles.
What is a moral hazard? Example.
Buying or doing something just because it is cheap.
Example: Have a bruise on arm but getting an MRI because it is readily available and cheap. (Insurance made deductibles and copays to resolve this)
What does social justice believe?
- Health care is a social good.
- Planned rationing
- Distribution of health care is a societal responsibility
What does market justice believe?
- Market forces in free economy can best achieve a fair distribution of health care
- Health care is an economic good
- Demand-side rationing
US health care has an ongoing quest for _________ and _____________.
Integration; accountability
What were the 4 major Eras in Health Care in US? When were they?
Era I: 1850 to 1900
Era II: 1900 to WWII
Era III: WWII to early 1980s
Era IV: 1980s to present
When was Era I? What was it about? What plan was made?
- 1850 to 1900
- Institutionalization of Health Care
- Kirkbride Planrefers to a system ofmental asylumdesign advocate byPhiladelphiapsychiatrist.
What were the first institutionalized healthcare hospitals in US?
Mental health asylums and TB sanitariums
When was Era II? What was it about? What Act was passed?
- 1900 to WWII
- Introduction of scientific method
- Hill Burton Act
What was the Hill Burton Act?
Passed in 1946.
- No discrimination based on race, color, national origin, or creed, though separated but equal facilities.
- Required to provide a ‘reasonable volume’ of free care each year.
- The states and localities were also required to prove the economic viability of the facility in question.
True or False:
Once medicare and Medicaid were enacted, hospitals using the Hill-Burton funding had to accept medicare and medicaid money.
True
When was Era III? What was it about? What deal was made?
WWII to early 1980s
Change in the structure of Healthcare
FDR’s New Deal = Social Security
When was Era IV? What was it about?
- 1980s to present
- Limited resources & restricted growth
When did health care reform take center stage? When did it begin?
In Era IV
Began in 1990 with the Clinton administration and is currently going on.
What is another name for Affordable Care Act?
Obamacare
