Final: Public Health Flashcards
What did the National Academy of Medicine say the 3 core things were of public health?
Assessment, policy development, assurance
What are the 4 stages of prevention?
1) Primordial Prevention
2) Primary Prevention
3) Secondary Prevention
4) Tertiary Prevention
What is tertiary prevention?
treating a disease that already exists
What is secondary prevention?
screening for condition that already exists in population. Identifying disease early on.
What is primary prevention?
Identifying primary etiologies that lead to disease and trying to prevent/treat those.
What is primordial prevention?
Identifying factors that lead to primary factor.
What is the World Health’s Organization definition of “health”
“Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
Two subcategories of Health disparities
Healthy inequalities
Health inequities
What are health inequalities and give examples
Differences between populations that are inherit. Race Gender Age Geographic Region
What are health inequities and give examples
Societal, economic, and cultural conditions in which populations reside that influence the health outcomes of those populations. Income Educational attainment Industry Marketing Exposure Access to safe recreation Food Insecurity
Mindset of cultural poverty
Little value on formal education
Children as a possession
Education as a threat to security
What is epidemiology?
the study of how and why diseases and other conditions are distributed within the population the way they are.”
Who is father of public health?
Dr. John Snow
Why is epidemiology important to optometric practice?
We must understand what it is we might be seeing in clinical practice and how often it might occur. Then, we can structure an effective approach to treatment.
Second major type of epidemiology
Analytic epidemiology
Why is analytical epidemiology important?
It can test a hypothesis between host, environment, and agent
What 3 things make up descriptive triad?
Person, place, time
What 3 things make up analytical triad?
agent, host, environment
What does a cohort study give?
exposure gives outcome
How is case control study tested?
Outcome gives exposure
How is cross-sectional study tested?
exposure and outcome at same time
What is Incidence?
- rate of risk
- Measures of only the NEW cases of a disease occurring in a given time period within a population susceptible to the disease
What is Prevalence?
- proportion
- Measures of all cases both NEW and OLD of a disease that are present (or “prevail”) at one point in time
What is sensitivity?
- true positive rate
- measures the proportion of positives that are correctly identified as such (e.g. the percentage of sick people who are correctly identified as having the condition).
What is specificity?
- true negative rate
- measures the proportion of negatives that are correctly identified as such (e.g. the percentage of healthy people who are correctly identified as not having the condition).
How to find false positive rate
1 - specificity
