Final: Public Health

Question 1

What did the National Academy of Medicine say the 3 core things were of public health?

Answer 1

Assessment, policy development, assurance

Question 2

What are the 4 stages of prevention?

Answer 2

1) Primordial Prevention
2) Primary Prevention
3) Secondary Prevention
4) Tertiary Prevention

Question 3

What is tertiary prevention?

Answer 3

treating a disease that already exists

Question 4

What is secondary prevention?

Answer 4

screening for condition that already exists in population. Identifying disease early on.

Question 5

What is primary prevention?

Answer 5

Identifying primary etiologies that lead to disease and trying to prevent/treat those.

Question 6

What is primordial prevention?

Answer 6

Identifying factors that lead to primary factor.

Question 7

What is the World Health’s Organization definition of “health”

Answer 7

“Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”

Question 8

Two subcategories of Health disparities

Answer 8

Healthy inequalities

Health inequities

Question 9

What are health inequalities and give examples

Answer 9

Differences between populations that are inherit.
Race
Gender
Age
Geographic Region

Question 10

What are health inequities and give examples

Answer 10

Societal, economic, and cultural conditions in which populations reside that influence the health outcomes of those populations.
Income
Educational attainment
Industry Marketing Exposure
Access to safe recreation
Food Insecurity

Question 11

Mindset of cultural poverty

Answer 11

Little value on formal education
Children as a possession
Education as a threat to security

Question 12

What is epidemiology?

Answer 12

the study of how and why diseases and other conditions are distributed within the population the way they are.”

Question 13

Who is father of public health?

Answer 13

Dr. John Snow

Question 14

Why is epidemiology important to optometric practice?

Answer 14

We must understand what it is we might be seeing in clinical practice and how often it might occur. Then, we can structure an effective approach to treatment.

Question 15

Second major type of epidemiology

Answer 15

Analytic epidemiology

Question 16

Why is analytical epidemiology important?

Answer 16

It can test a hypothesis between host, environment, and agent

Question 17

What 3 things make up descriptive triad?

Answer 17

Person, place, time

Question 18

What 3 things make up analytical triad?

Answer 18

agent, host, environment

Question 19

What does a cohort study give?

Answer 19

exposure gives outcome

Question 20

How is case control study tested?

Answer 20

Outcome gives exposure

Question 21

How is cross-sectional study tested?

Answer 21

exposure and outcome at same time

Question 22

What is Incidence?

Answer 22

• rate of risk
• Measures of only the NEW cases of a disease occurring in a given time period within a population susceptible to the disease

Question 23

What is Prevalence?

Answer 23

• proportion

- Measures of all cases both NEW and OLD of a disease that are present (or “prevail”) at one point in time

Question 24

What is sensitivity?

Answer 24

• true positive rate
• measures the proportion of positives that are correctly identified as such (e.g. the percentage of sick people who are correctly identified as having the condition).

Question 25

What is specificity?

Answer 25

• true negative rate
• measures the proportion of negatives that are correctly identified as such (e.g. the percentage of healthy people who are correctly identified as not having the condition).


Question 26

How to find false positive rate

Answer 26

1 - specificity