Final Unit Flashcards
Where was suffrage first granted to women?
Wyoming
Amendment which granted suffrage to women
19th
a tract of land given to the tribal nations by treaty
Reservation
The number of Americans who live on Americans
2 million
clause in the 14th amendment that forbids any state from denying any person within its jurisdiction equal protection under the laws
Equal protection clause
traditional test used to determine whether a law complies with the equal protection requirement
Rational basis test
Clause in the 5th Amendment limiting the power of the national government; prohibits state governments from depriving people of natural rights without due process of law
Due process clause
Primary operated by Democratic party in southern states that, before Republicans gained strength in the area, essentially constituted an electionà because there was no real competition in the election
White primary
the drawing of election districts so as to ensure that members of a certain race are a minority in the district
Racial gerrymandering
payment required as a condition for voting; prohibited under the 24th Amendment
Poll tax
Amendment which prohibits poll taxes
24th
literacy requirement imposed by some states as a condition of voting, generally used to disqualify blacks from voting in the south
Literacy Test
A congressional district created to include a majority of minority voters; ruled constitutional as long as race is not the main factor in redistricting
Majority-minority district
Court case which created “separate but equal” facilities
Plessy v. Ferguson
Court case which shot down Plessy v. Fergson ruling
Brown v. Board of Education
segregation imposed by law
De jure segregation
segregation resulting from economic or social conditions
De facto segregation
Example of De Facto Segregation
Chinatown
a provision in a deed to real property prohibiting its sale to a person of a particular race or religion
Restrictive covenant
Court case which ruled universities may consider race as a “plus” in addition to many other factors, but cannot set racial quotas
University of California Regents v. Bakke
a legal action conferring citizenship on an alien
Naturalization
citizenship in more than one nation
Dual citizenship
people who have well founded fears of persecution in their home country; granted asylum
Political refugees
Article 1, Section 10, prohibits state governments from altering contracts between individuals
Contract Clause
inherent powers of state governments to pass laws to protect the public health, safety, and welfare; the national government has no granted police powers
Police powers
Constitutional requirement that governments proceed by proper methods, places limits on how governmental power can be exercised
Procedural Due Process
government acts reasonably and that the substance of the laws themselves be fair and reasonable
Substantive Due Process
